Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse in a health clinic is collecting data from an older adult client. Which of the following information in the client's history increases her risk for osteoporosis?
A. The client walks 3.2 km (2 mi) daily.
is not correct because walking daily can help to improve bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
B. The client is a gardener.
is not correct because gardening can also provide physical activity and help to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
C. The client is lactose intolerant.
The correct answer is choice C. The client's lactose intolerance places her at an increased risk for osteoporosis, as dairy products are a rich source of calcium and vitamin D, which are important for bone health. Walking daily and gardening may actually help to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, as physical activity can help to strengthen bones. Drinking red wine in moderation may provide some benefits for cardiovascular health and may not necessarily increase the risk of osteoporosis. Reason why each of the other choices are not answers:
D. The client has a glass of red wine every evening.
is not correct because propranolol does not typically cause increased hair growth, and requesting a dosage increase based on apical heart rate may not be necessary for all clients taking this medication.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - ATI PN Adult Med Surg 2020 with NGN Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice C. The client's lactose intolerance places her at an increased risk for osteoporosis, as dairy products are a rich source of calcium and vitamin D, which are important for bone health. Walking daily and gardening may actually help to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, as physical activity can help to strengthen bones. Drinking red wine in moderation may provide some benefits for cardiovascular health and may not necessarily increase the risk of osteoporosis.
Reason why each of the other choices are not answers:
A is not correct because walking daily can help to improve bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
B is not correct because gardening can also provide physical activity and help to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
D is not correct because propranolol does not typically cause increased hair growth, and requesting a dosage increase based on apical heart rate may not be necessary for all clients taking this medication.
Similar Questions
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has heart failure. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan?
A. Encourage fluids.
Encouraging fluids is not appropriate for a client with heart failure. Clients with heart failure often experience fluid overload due to the heart’s inability to pump effectively, leading to fluid retention. Encouraging additional fluid intake can exacerbate this condition, worsening symptoms such as edema and shortness of breath.
B. Measure vital signs every 8 hr.
Measuring vital signs every 8 hours may not be frequent enough for a client with heart failure, especially if they are experiencing acute symptoms. More frequent monitoring is often necessary to detect changes in the client’s condition promptly and to manage symptoms effectively.
C. Obtain weight weekly.
Obtaining weight weekly is not sufficient for a client with heart failure. Daily weight monitoring is crucial as it helps in detecting fluid retention early. Sudden weight gain can indicate worsening heart failure and the need for adjustments in treatment.
D. Allow frequent rest periods.
Allowing frequent rest periods is essential for clients with heart failure. These clients often experience fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance due to reduced cardiac output. Frequent rest periods help in managing fatigue and preventing overexertion, which can worsen heart failure symptoms.
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice D. Allow frequent rest periods.
Choice A rationale:
Encouraging fluids is not appropriate for a client with heart failure. Clients with heart failure often experience fluid overload due to the heart’s inability to pump effectively, leading to fluid retention. Encouraging additional fluid intake can exacerbate this condition, worsening symptoms such as edema and shortness of breath.
Choice B rationale:
Measuring vital signs every 8 hours may not be frequent enough for a client with heart failure, especially if they are experiencing acute symptoms. More frequent monitoring is often necessary to detect changes in the client’s condition promptly and to manage symptoms effectively.
Choice C rationale:
Obtaining weight weekly is not sufficient for a client with heart failure. Daily weight monitoring is crucial as it helps in detecting fluid retention early. Sudden weight gain can indicate worsening heart failure and the need for adjustments in treatment.
Choice D rationale:
Allowing frequent rest periods is essential for clients with heart failure. These clients often experience fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance due to reduced cardiac output. Frequent rest periods help in managing fatigue and preventing overexertion, which can worsen heart failure symptoms.
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who has a pulmonary embolism and is experiencing dyspnea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Place the client in high-Fowler's position.
The correct answer is choice A. Placing the client in high-Fowler's position will help to increase the client's oxygenation. This is a priority in the care of a client with pulmonary embolism and dyspnea. Choices B, C, and D are not correct because although obtaining vital signs, administering heparin, and encouraging cough and deep breathing are important interventions, improving oxygenation is the priority intervention.
B. Obtain the client's vital signs.
is not correct because although assessing vital signs is important, it is not the priority intervention.
C. Administer heparin to the client.
is not correct because although administering heparin is crucial for anticoagulation and dissolution of the clot, it is not the priority intervention.
D. Encourage the client to cough and deep breathe.
is not correct because although coughing and deep breathing can help to prevent respiratory complications, increasing oxygenation is the priority intervention.
A nurse is reviewing laboratory values of a client who has severe dyspnea. Which of the following laboratory values indicates heart failure?
A. Brain natriuretic peptide 275 pg/mL
The correct answer is choice A. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) value of 275 pg/mL indicates heart failure in a client with severe dyspnea. BNP is a hormone secreted by the heart in response to pressure changes and fluid overload. High levels of BNP in the blood are indicative of heart failure. Choices B, C, and D are not correct because calcium, sodium, and potassium levels are not specific to heart failure and their changes may not necessarily indicate heart failure. Reason why each of the other choices are not answers:
B. Calcium 9.0 mg/dL
is not correct because Calcium levels are not specific to heart failure and their changes may not necessarily indicate heart failure. Calcium levels could be affected by other conditions like hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or renal disease.
C. Sodium 140 mEq/L
is not correct because Sodium levels are not specific to heart failure and their changes may not necessarily indicate heart failure. Sodium levels could be affected by other conditions like dehydration, hyperaldosteronism, or inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion.
D. Potassium 4.0 mEq/L
is not correct because Potassium levels are not specific to heart failure and their changes may not necessarily indicate heart failure. Potassium levels could be affected by other conditions like renal failure, Addison's disease, or the use of diuretics.