Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is admitting a client who reports anorexia and is experiencing malnutrition. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect to be altered?
A. Troponin
Troponin is a marker for cardiac muscle damage. It is not directly related to anorexia and malnutrition.
B. Creatine kinase
Creatine kinase is also a marker for muscle damage, particularly in conditions like heart attacks or muscular disorders. It is not directly related to anorexia and malnutrition.
C. Total bilirubin
Total bilirubin is related to liver function. While severe malnutrition can affect liver function, it's not the primary marker for malnutrition.
D. Albumin
Albumin is a protein synthesized by the liver and is an important indicator of nutritional status. In cases of malnutrition, especially protein-calorie malnutrition, serum albumin levels tend to decrease. This is due to the body's decreased ability to synthesize proteins when there is a lack of adequate nutrition.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - RN Ati fundamental of nursing proctored exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Troponin is a marker for cardiac muscle damage. It is not directly related to anorexia and malnutrition.
B. Creatine kinase is also a marker for muscle damage, particularly in conditions like heart attacks or muscular disorders. It is not directly related to anorexia and malnutrition.
C. Total bilirubin is related to liver function. While severe malnutrition can affect liver function, it's not the primary marker for malnutrition.
D. Albumin is a protein synthesized by the liver and is an important indicator of nutritional status. In cases of malnutrition, especially protein-calorie malnutrition, serum albumin levels tend to decrease. This is due to the body's decreased ability to synthesize proteins when there is a lack of adequate nutrition.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following situations requires that the nurse wear gloves? (Select all that apply.)
A. Providing oral care
Providing oral care involves contact with mucous membranes and saliva, which may contain blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse should wear gloves to protect themselves and the client from cross-contamination.
B. Emptying urine from an indwelling urine collection bag
Emptying urine from an indwelling urine collection bag involves contact with urine, which may contain blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse should wear gloves to protect themselves and the client from cross-contamination.
C. Placing oral medication tablets into a client's hand
Placing oral medication tablets into a client's hand does not involve contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse does not need to weargloves for this task.
D. Delivering a food tray to a client who has AIDS
Delivering a food tray to a client who has AIDS does not involve contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse does not need to wear gloves for this task. However, the nurse should follow standard precautions and wash their hands before and after contact with any client.
E. Changing an ostomy pouch
Changing an ostomy pouch involves contact with feces, which may contain blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse should wear gloves to protect themselves and the client from cross-contamination.
Full Explanation
A. Providing oral care involves contact with mucous membranes and saliva, which may contain blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse should wear gloves to protect themselves and the client from cross-contamination.
B. Emptying urine from an indwelling urine collection bag involves contact with urine, which may contain blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse should wear gloves to protect themselves and the client from cross-contamination.
C. Placing oral medication tablets into a client's hand does not involve contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse does not need to wear
gloves for this task.
D. Delivering a food tray to a client who has AIDS does not involve contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse does not need to wear gloves for this task. However, the nurse should follow standard precautions and wash their hands before and after contact with any client.
E. Changing an ostomy pouch involves contact with feces, which may contain blood or other potentially infectious materials. Therefore, the nurse should wear gloves to protect themselves and the client from cross-contamination.
A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter and notes blood-tinged urine in the catheter bag. The nurse recognizes this finding can be a manifestation of which of the following urinary alterations?
A. Dehydration
Dehydration is unlikely to cause blood-tinged urine. Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, but it typically does not cause blood in the urine.
B. Pernicious anemia
Pernicious anemia is a condition related to a deficiency in vitamin B12, which can lead to a decrease in red blood cell production. However, it is not directly associated with blood in the urine.
C. bladder infection
Bladder infection can cause blood in the urine, but it is more commonly associated with symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, and burning during urination. If blood is present, it is usually due to inflammation of the bladder lining.
D. Prostate enlargement
Prostate enlargement, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can cause blood-tinged urine. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, and enlargement can lead to irritation and bleeding from the urinary tract.
Full Explanation
A. Dehydration is unlikely to cause blood-tinged urine. Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, but it typically does not cause blood in the urine.
B. Pernicious anemia is a condition related to a deficiency in vitamin B12, which can lead to a decrease in red blood cell production. However, it is not directly associated with blood in the urine.
C. Bladder infection can cause blood in the urine, but it is more commonly associated with symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, and burning during urination. If blood is present, it is usually due to inflammation of the bladder lining.
D. Prostate enlargement, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can cause blood-tinged urine. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, and enlargement can lead to irritation and bleeding from the urinary tract.
A nurse is assessing a client and discovers the infusion pump with the client's total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution is not infusing. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following conditions?
A. Hypertension and crackles
B. Fever and chills
C. Excessive thirst and urination
D. Shakiness and diaphoresis
Full Explanation
a. Hypertension and crackles:
While hypertension can be associated with various conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases or stress, it is not directly related to the cessation of TPN infusion.
Crackles in the lungs are often indicative of fluid accumulation or inflammation, commonly seen in conditions like pneumonia or heart failure. They are not typically associated with the interruption of TPN infusion.
b. Fever and chills:
Fever and chills can be symptoms of infection or inflammatory processes in the body. However, they are not specifically related to the interruption of TPN infusion.
In the context of TPN cessation, the focus would be on metabolic changes rather than infectious processes.
c. Excessive thirst and urination:
Excessive thirst and urination are classic symptoms of hyperglycemia, which can occur when TPN, particularly if it contains a high glucose concentration, is abruptly interrupted.
When TPN infusion stops, there is no longer a continuous supply of glucose to the body, leading to increased blood glucose levels and subsequent polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst) as the body tries to eliminate excess glucose.
d. Shakiness and diaphoresis:
Shakiness and diaphoresis (excessive sweating) are classic symptoms of hypoglycemia, which can occur if TPN, particularly if it contains a high concentration of insulin, is abruptly interrupted.
TPN solutions often contain glucose and insulin to maintain proper blood glucose levels. If the infusion is stopped suddenly, there may be a rapid decline in blood glucose levels, leading to hypoglycemia, which manifests as shakiness, diaphoresis, confusion, and other neuroglycopenic symptoms.