Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?
A. Lithium
Lithium is a mood stabilizer that can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by interfering with theresponse of the kidneys to ADH.
B. Regular insulin
Regular insulin is used to treat diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus, as it lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating its uptake into cells.
C. Furosemide
Furosemide is a diuretic that increases urine output and can worsen dehydration in clients with diabetes insipidus.
D. Desmopressin
Desmopressin is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates water balance in the body. Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by a deficiency or resistance to ADH, resulting in excessive urination and thirst. Desmopressin helps reduce urine output and prevent dehydration by mimicking the action of ADH on the kidneys.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - ATI RN adult medical surgical 2019 with NGN - Proctored Exam 3. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Desmopressin is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates water balance in the body. Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by a deficiency or resistance to ADH, resulting in excessive urination and thirst. Desmopressin helps reduce urine output and prevent dehydration by mimicking the action of ADH on the kidneys. Lithium is a mood stabilizer that can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by interfering with the response of the kidneys to ADH. Regular insulin is used to treat diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus, as it lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating its uptake into cells.
Furosemide is a diuretic that increases urine output and can worsen dehydration in clients with diabetes insipidus.
Similar Questions
A nurse is assessing the pain status of a group of clients. Which of the following findings indicates a client is experiencing referred pain?
A. A client who has peritonitis reports generalized abdominal pain.
A client who has peritonitis reports generalized abdominal pain that corresponds to the site of inflammation and infection in the peritoneum.
B. A client who has angina reports substernal chest pain.
A client who has angina reports substernal chest pain that reflects the ischemia and hypoxia of themyocardium.
C. A client who has pancreatitis reports pain in the left shoulder.
Referred pain is pain that is felt in a location different from its source due to shared nerve pathways or central nervous system processing. A client who has pancreatitis may experience pain in the left shoulder due to irritation of the diaphragm by pancreatic enzymes or inflammation. This pain is referred from the abdominal cavity to the shoulder through the phrenic nerve.
D. A client who is postoperative reports incisional pain.
A client who is postoperative reports incisional pain that is caused by tissue damage and inflammation at the surgical site.
Full Explanation
Referred pain is pain that is felt in a location different from its source due to shared nerve pathways or central nervous system processing. A client who has pancreatitis may experience pain in the left shoulder due to irritation of the diaphragm by pancreatic enzymes or inflammation. This pain is referred from the abdominal cavity to the shoulder through the phrenic nerve.
A client who has peritonitis reports generalized abdominal pain that corresponds to the site of inflammation and infection in the peritoneum. A client who has angina reports substernal chest pain that reflects the ischemia and hypoxia of the myocardium. A client who is postoperative reports incisional pain that is caused by tissue damage and inflammation at the surgical site.
A nurse is assessing a client who has acute kidney failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
A. Creatinine 0.8 mi/dl.
B. Weight gain 1.1 kg (2.4 lb) in 24 hr
Weight gain in a short period of time indicates fluid retention, which can worsen the client's condition and lead to complications such as pulmonary edema and hypertension. The nurse should report this finding to the provider and monitor the client's fluid balance and electrolytes.
C. Peripheral pulses 2+ bilaterally
D. Urine specific gravity 1.045
Full Explanation
Weight gain in a short period of time indicates fluid retention, which can worsen the client's condition and lead to complications such as pulmonary edema and hypertension. The nurse should report this finding to the provider and monitor the client's fluid balance and electrolytes.
A nurse is administering packed RBCs to a client. The client reports chills, lower back pain, and nausea 10 min after the infusion begins. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Administer oxygen to the client.
B. Collect a urine sample.
C. Check the client's vital signs.
D. Stop the infusion.
The client is experiencing signs of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, which is a life-threatening emergency. The nurse should stop the infusion immediately and disconnect the blood tubing from the IV catheter to prevent further exposure to the incompatible blood.
Full Explanation
The client is experiencing signs of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, which is a life-threatening emergency. The nurse should stop the infusion immediately and disconnect the blood tubing from the IV catheter to prevent further exposure to the incompatible blood.