Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has hemophilia A and is scheduled for wisdom teeth extractions. Prior to the procedure, the nurse should anticipate that the client will receive which of the following products?
A. Fresh frozen plasma
Fresh frozen plasma: Fresh frozen plasma contains clotting factors, including factor VIII, but it is not the primary treatment for hemophilia A. While it can be used in emergency situations to temporarily increase clotting factor levels, it is not typically administered prophylactically before dental procedures.
B. Recombinant
Recombinant factor VIII: This is the correct answer. Recombinant factor VIII is the treatment of choice for individuals with hemophilia A. It is administered to replace the deficient factor VIII in the blood, thereby promoting clot formation and preventing excessive bleeding during surgical procedures such as wisdom teeth extractions.
C. Packed RBCS
Packed red blood cells (RBCs): Packed red blood cells are not typically indicated for the treatment of hemophilia A. While they may be necessary if significant blood loss occurs during the procedure, the primary treatment is replacement of the deficient clotting factor.
D. Prophylactic antibiotics
Prophylactic antibiotics: Prophylactic antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection following dental procedures, especially in individuals with bleeding disorders who are at increased risk of infection due to compromised immune function. However, the primary treatment for hemophilia A prior to dental procedures is replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates like recombinant factor VIII.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati Nursing 4650 Comprehensive Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Fresh frozen plasma: Fresh frozen plasma contains clotting factors, including factor VIII, but it is not the primary treatment for hemophilia A. While it can be used in emergency situations to temporarily increase clotting factor levels, it is not typically administered prophylactically before dental procedures.
B. Recombinant factor VIII: This is the correct answer. Recombinant factor VIII is the treatment of choice for individuals with hemophilia A. It is administered to replace the deficient factor VIII in the blood, thereby promoting clot formation and preventing excessive bleeding during surgical procedures such as wisdom teeth extractions.
C. Packed red blood cells (RBCs): Packed red blood cells are not typically indicated for the treatment of hemophilia A. While they may be necessary if significant blood loss occurs during the procedure, the primary treatment is replacement of the deficient clotting factor.
D. Prophylactic antibiotics: Prophylactic antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection following dental procedures, especially in individuals with bleeding disorders who are at increased risk of infection due to compromised immune function. However, the primary treatment for hemophilia A prior to dental procedures is replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates like recombinant factor VIII.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a newborn immediately following birth. After assuring a patent airway, what is the priority nursing action?
A. Dry the skin
Dry the skin: The priority nursing action immediately following birth is to ensure the newborn's warmth. Drying the newborn's skin helps prevent hypothermia, which is a significant risk for neonates. The nurse should dry the newborn's skin using a warm, dry towel to prevent heat loss through evaporation.
B. Administer vitamin K
Administer vitamin K: Administering vitamin K is an important procedure shortly after birth to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. However, ensuring warmth by drying the skin takes precedence over administering vitamin K as the newborn's temperature regulation is crucial immediately after delivery.
C. Place an identification bracelet
Place an identification bracelet: Placing an identification bracelet on the newborn is essential for proper identification and security purposes, but it is not the priority immediately after birth. Ensuring the newborn's warmth and maintaining physiological stability take precedence.
D. Administer eye prophylaxis
Administer eye prophylaxis: Administering eye prophylaxis, typically in the form of erythromycin ointment or another antimicrobial agent, is important to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis due to exposure to maternal pathogens during delivery. However, this intervention can wait until after the newborn's warmth is ensured through drying the skin.
Full Explanation
A. Dry the skin: The priority nursing action immediately following birth is to ensure the newborn's warmth. Drying the newborn's skin helps prevent hypothermia, which is a significant risk for neonates. The nurse should dry the newborn's skin using a warm, dry towel to prevent heat loss through evaporation.
B. Administer vitamin K: Administering vitamin K is an important procedure shortly after birth to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. However, ensuring warmth by drying the skin takes precedence over administering vitamin K as the newborn's temperature regulation is crucial immediately after delivery.
C. Place an identification bracelet: Placing an identification bracelet on the newborn is essential for proper identification and security purposes, but it is not the priority immediately after birth. Ensuring the newborn's warmth and maintaining physiological stability take precedence.
D. Administer eye prophylaxis: Administering eye prophylaxis, typically in the form of erythromycin ointment or another antimicrobial agent, is important to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis due to exposure to maternal pathogens during delivery. However, this intervention can wait until after the newborn's warmth is ensured through drying the skin.
A nurse is caring for a 1-month-old infant who weighs 3500 g and is prescribed a dose of cephazolin 50 mg/kg by intermittent IV bolus three times daily. How many mg should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero)
Full Explanation
We are asked to calculate the dosage of cephazolin for a 1-month-old infant based on their weight.
Steps to solve: 1. Identify the given values:
- Dose per kg = 50 mg/kg
- Weight of the infant = 3500 g
2. Set up the formula: Dosage (mg) = Dose per kg (mg/kg) × Weight (kg)
3. Since the weight is given in grams, convert it to kilograms: 3500 g / 1000 g/kg = 3.5 kg
4. Substitute the known values into the formula and calculate: Dosage (mg) = 50 mg/kg × 3.5 kg Dosage (mg) = 175 mg
5. Round the answer to the nearest tenth: Dosage (mg) = 175.0 mg
The nurse should administer 175.0 mg of cephazolin per dose.
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 30 mg/kg/day divided equally every 12 hr to a toddler who weighs 33 lb. Available is amoxicillin 200 mg/5 mL suspension. How many ml should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Full Explanation
Let's calculate the amount of amoxicillin suspension the nurse should administer.
Steps:
- Convert toddler's weight to kilograms (kg):
- Weight (kg) = Weight (lb) / 2.2 lb/kg
- Weight (kg) = 33 lb / 2.2 lb/kg
- Weight (kg) ≈ 15 kg
- Calculate total daily dose of amoxicillin:
- Total dose (mg/day) = Dose per kg/day x Weight (kg)
- Total dose (mg/day) = 30 mg/kg/day x 15 kg
- Total dose (mg/day) = 450 mg/day
- Calculate amoxicillin needed per dose (since it's given every 12 hours, we need half the daily dose):
- Dose per administration (mg) = Total daily dose (mg/day) / Number of doses/day
- Dose per administration (mg) = 450 mg/day / 2 doses/day
- Dose per administration (mg) = 225 mg
- Calculate the volume (mL) of suspension based on the concentration:
- Concentration (mg/mL) = Amount of amoxicillin (mg) / Volume (mL)
- We need to rearrange the formula to find the volume (mL): Volume (mL) = Amount of amoxicillin (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)
- Known values:
- Amount of amoxicillin (mg) = 225 mg (calculated in step 3)
- Concentration (mg/mL) = 200 mg/5 mL (from available suspension)
- Volume (mL) = 225 mg / (200 mg/5 mL)
- To simplify the calculation, divide both numerator and denominator by 25: Volume (mL) = (225 mg / 25) / (200 mg/5 mL / 25) Volume (mL) = 9 mL / 4 mL/mL. Pay attention here, dividing by mL/mL is the same as multiplying by 1)
- Volume (mL) = 9 mL
- Round the answer to the nearest tenth:
- Volume (mL) ≈ 5.6 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer approximately 5.6 mL of amoxicillin suspension per dose.