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NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is educating a group of college students about hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and prevention.
The nurse should emphasize that the most common modes of transmission are which of the following? (Select all that apply)
A. Unprotected sexual contact
Unprotected sexual contact can expose a person to the blood, semen, or vaginal fluids of an infected partner.
B. Sharing drugs, needles, or “works” when using drugs
Sharing drugs, needles, or “works” when using drugs can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.
C. Poor infection control practices in medical settings
Poor infection control practices in medical settings can expose a person to contaminated needles or syringes or sharp objects that have been used on an infected person.
D. Sharing of blood sugar (diabetes) testing equipment
Sharing of blood sugar (diabetes) testing equipment can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.
E. Needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job
Needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job can expose a person to the blood of an infected
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Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice A, B, C, D and E. All of these are possible modes of transmission for hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. The virus is most commonly transmitted from mother to child during birth and delivery, as well as through contact with blood or other body fluids during sex with an infected partner, unsafe injections or exposures to sharp instruments.
Choice A is correct because unprotected sexual contact can expose a person to the blood, semen, or vaginal fluids of an infected partner.
Choice B is correct because sharing drugs, needles, or “works” when using drugs can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.
Choice C is correct because poor infection control practices in medical settings can expose a person to contaminated needles or syringes or sharp objects that have been used on an infected person.
Choice D is correct because sharing of blood sugar (diabetes) testing equipment can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.
Choice E is correct because needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job can expose a person to the blood of an infected
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic hepatitis B infection and is taking lamivudine (Epivir).
The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
A. Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is not a common side effect of lamivudine. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.Pancreatitis is more likely to occur with other NRTIs such as didanosine (Videx) or stavudine (Zerit).
B. Lactic acidosis
Lamivudine (Epivir) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection and HIV infection. One of the rare but serious adverse effects of lamivudine is lactic acidosis, which is a condition where the blood becomes too acidic due to the accumulation of lactate.Lactic acidosis can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, rapid breathing, and low blood pressure.
C. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is not a common side effect of lamivudine. Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which regulate the metabolism and energy levels of the body. Hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and depression. Hypothyroidism is more likely to occur with other drugs that interfere with thyroid function such as amiodarone (Cordarone) or lithium
D. Nephrotoxicity
N/A
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice B. Lactic acidosis.
Lamivudine (Epivir) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection and HIV infection.
One of the rare but serious adverse effects of lamivudine is lactic acidosis, which is a condition where the blood becomes too acidic due to the accumulation of lactate. Lactic acidosis can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, rapid breathing, and low blood pressure.
Choice A is wrong because pancreatitis is not a common side effect of lamivudine.
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Pancreatitis is more likely to occur with other NRTIs such as didanosine (Videx) or stavudine (Zerit).
Choice C is wrong because hypothyroidism is not a common side effect of lamivudine.
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which regulate the metabolism and energy levels of the body.
Hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and depression.
Hypothyroidism is more likely to occur with other drugs that interfere with thyroid function such as amiodarone (Cordarone) or lithium
A nurse is educating a new mother about umbilical cord care and how to prevent omphalitis, sepsis, and tetanus.
Which of the following statements by the mother indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. “I should wash my hands before and after handling the cord stump.”
Washing hands before and after handling the cord stump can prevent the transmission of bacteria that can cause omphalitis, sepsis, and tetanus.
B. “I should apply petroleum jelly or ointment to the cord stump after each diaper change.”
Applying petroleum jelly or ointment to the cord stump can delay its drying and increase the risk of infection.
C. “I should use a cotton swab dipped in hydrogen peroxide to clean around the base of the cord stump.”
Using hydrogen peroxide to clean the cord stump can damage the healthy tissue and delay healing.
D. “I should fold down the top of the diaper below the cord stump until it falls off.”
Folding down the diaper below the cord stump can expose it to urine and feces, which can contaminate it and cause infection.
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice A. Washing hands before and after handling the cord stump can prevent the transmission of bacteria that can cause omphalitis, sepsis, and tetanus.
Choice B is wrong because applying petroleum jelly or ointment to the cord stump can delay its drying and increase the risk of infection.
Choice C is wrong because using hydrogen peroxide to clean the cord stump can damage the healthy tissue and delay healing.
Choice D is wrong because folding down the diaper below the cord stump can expose it to urine and feces, which can contaminate it and cause infection.
The normal range for umbilical cord separation is 5 to 15 days after birth.
A postpartum nurse instructs a new mother in how to bathe her newborn.
Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further instruction?
A. “I should use a clean cloth and warm water to wash around the umbilical cord.”
It is correct to use a clean cloth and warm water to wash around the umbilical cord.This helps prevent infection and promotes drying of the cord stump.
B. “I should bathe him before a feeding so he won’t spit up.”
This statement indicates a need for further instruction because it is not advisable to bathe a newborn infant before a feeding, as this may cause hypoglycemia or cold stress.The mother should bathe the infant after a feeding or between feedings when the infant is alert and comfortable.
C. “I should avoid getting water in his ears or eyes.”
It is correct to avoid getting water in the infant’s ears or eyes.This helps prevent ear infections and eye irritation.
D. “I should avoid getting water in his ears or eyes.”
It is correct to dry the infant thoroughly and dress him warmly after bathing. This helps prevent heat loss
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice B. “I should bathe him before a feeding so he won’t spit up.” This statement indicates a need for further instruction because it is not advisable to bathe a newborn infant before a feeding, as this may cause hypoglycemia or cold stress. The mother should bathe the infant after a feeding or between feedings when the infant is alert and comfortable.
Choice A is wrong because it is correct to use a clean cloth and warm water to wash around the umbilical cord. This helps prevent infection and promotes drying of the cord stump.
Choice C is wrong because it is correct to avoid getting water in the infant’s ears or eyes. This helps prevent ear infections and eye irritation.
Choice D is wrong because it is correct to dry the infant thoroughly and dress him warmly after bathing.
This helps prevent heat loss