Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is gathering medical history from a client admited for pyelonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse expect the client to report when asked about their medical history?
A. The client states that they consume a high calcium diet and have had high calcium in their blood.
A high calcium diet and high blood calcium levels are not directly related to pyelonephritis.
B. The client reports that they had two urinary tract infections (UTI) in the past 10 months.
Recurrent UTIs can lead to pyelonephritis, especially if the infections ascend to the kidneys.
C. The client reports that they took a lot of ibuprofen for arthritis for many years.
Long-term use of ibuprofen can affect kidney function but is not a direct cause of pyelonephritis.
D. The client states that they remember their mother saying their grandmother had this same genetic disease.
Genetic diseases can affect kidney health, but there is no common genetic disease that directly causes pyelonephritis.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati Med Surg Proctored Exam 2. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: A high calcium diet and high blood calcium levels are not directly related to pyelonephritis.
Choice B reason: Recurrent UTIs can lead to pyelonephritis, especially if the infections ascend to the kidneys.
Choice C reason: Long-term use of ibuprofen can affect kidney function but is not a direct cause of pyelonephritis.
Choice D reason: Genetic diseases can affect kidney health, but there is no common genetic disease that directly causes pyelonephritis.
Similar Questions
A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following
findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?
A. Flatened neck veins
Flatened neck veins would suggest dehydration rather than fluid overload.
B. Return of skin to previous position when the client's skin is palpated
The return of skin to previous position when pinched indicates good skin turgor, not fluid overload.
C. The client has a 5 lb weight gain since yesterday.
A significant weight gain in a short period, such as 5 lb since yesterday, is a classic sign of fluid overload.
D. Oxygen saturation 93%
An oxygen saturation of 93% does not necessarily indicate fluid overload.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Flatened neck veins would suggest dehydration rather than fluid overload.
Choice B reason: The return of skin to previous position when pinched indicates good skin turgor, not fluid overload.
Choice C reason: A significant weight gain in a short period, such as 5 lb since yesterday, is a classic sign of fluid overload.
Choice D reason: An oxygen saturation of 93% does not necessarily indicate fluid overload.
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?
A. pH 7.30, HCO3- 26 mEq/L, PaCO2 50 mm Hg
pH 7.30 with elevated HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated respiratory acidosis, not typical for chronic kidney disease.
B. pH 7.55, HCO3- 30 mEq/L, PaCO2 31 mm Hg
pH 7.55 with elevated HCO3- and low PaCO2 suggests metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.
C. pH 7.25, HCO3- 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg
pH 7.25 with decreased HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests metabolic acidosis, which is expected in chronic kidney disease due to the accumulation of acids.
D. pH 7.50, HCO3- 20 mEq/L, PaCO2 32 mm Hg
pH 7.50 with low HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: pH 7.30 with elevated HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated respiratory acidosis, not typical for chronic kidney disease.
Choice B reason: pH 7.55 with elevated HCO3- and low PaCO2 suggests metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.
Choice C reason: pH 7.25 with decreased HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests metabolic acidosis, which is expected in chronic kidney disease due to the accumulation of acids.
Choice D reason: pH 7.50 with low HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease and will soon begin hemodialysis treatments. Which of the following restrictions should the nurse discuss with the client that may impact their quality of life? (Select all that apply.)
A. Driving restrictions
Driving restrictions are not typically necessary for clients on hemodialysis unless there are other underlying conditions affecting their ability to drive safely.
B. Restricting foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus
Clients on hemodialysis need to restrict foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus to manage their electrolyte levels and prevent complications.
C. Restricting airplane travel
Airplane travel is not generally restricted for hemodialysis clients, but they may need to arrange for dialysis at their destination.
D. Time constraints
Time constraints are a significant factor as hemodialysis requires several hours per session, multiple times a week.
E. Restricting fluid intake
Fluid intake often needs to be restricted in clients on hemodialysis to prevent fluid overload, as the kidneys are not able to remove excess fluid effectively.
F. Limiting social activities to twice a week
Limiting social activities is not a necessary restriction unless it is related to the client's overall health status.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Driving restrictions are not typically necessary for clients on hemodialysis unless there are other underlying conditions affecting their ability to drive safely.
Choice B reason: Clients on hemodialysis need to restrict foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus to manage their electrolyte levels and prevent complications.
Choice C reason: Airplane travel is not generally restricted for hemodialysis clients, but they may need to arrange for dialysis at their destination.
Choice D reason: Time constraints are a significant factor as hemodialysis requires several hours per session, multiple times a week.
Choice E reason: Fluid intake often needs to be restricted in clients on hemodialysis to prevent fluid overload, as the kidneys are not able to remove excess fluid effectively.
Choice F reason: Limiting social activities is not a necessary restriction unless it is related to the client's overall health status.