Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is preparing to administer required immunizations to a toddler during a well-child visit. The parent asks the nurse how many baby aspirins he should administer if the toddler develops a fever.
Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
A. "You should follow the label directions based on your child's weight."
May not specifically address the use of aspirin in children and the risk of Reye's syndrome.
B. "You should avoid administering aspirin to your child."
The nurse should respond by recommending that the parent avoids administering aspirin to the child. The use of aspirin in children, especially those under the age of 18, is associated with the risk of developing Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition that affects the liver and brain. It is important to educate parents about the potential risks of using aspirin in children, particularly when they have a fever. Instead, the nurse should advise the parent to use appropriate dosages of acetaminophen or ibuprofen based on the child's weight and follow the label directions for administration.
C. "Your child will require an antibiotic if she develops a fever."
Antibiotics are not indicated for all fevers and should only be prescribed if there is an underlying bacterial infection.
D. "Your child can have two baby aspirins every 4 hours."
Contradicts the recommendation to avoid administering aspirin to the child.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Explanation:
The nurse should respond by recommending that the parent avoids administering aspirin to the child. The use of aspirin in children, especially those under the age of 18, is associated with the risk of developing Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition that affects the liver and brain. It is important to educate parents about the potential risks of using aspirin in children, particularly when they have a fever. Instead, the nurse should advise the parent to use appropriate dosages of acetaminophen or ibuprofen based on the child's weight and follow the label directions for administration.
Option a suggests following the label directions based on the child's weight, which may not specifically address the use of aspirin in children and the risk of Reye's syndrome. Option c, stating that the child will require an antibiotic if she develops a fever, is incorrect because antibiotics are not indicated for all fevers and should only be prescribed if there is an underlying bacterial infection. Option d, suggesting that the child can have two baby aspirins every 4 hours, is incorrect and contradicts the recommendation to avoid administering aspirin to the child.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is the priority to report?
A. Hgb 20 g/dL
A) Hgb 20 g/dL: A hemoglobin level of 20 g/dL is elevated and suggests polycythemia, which can occur in chronic respiratory conditions like COPD due to chronic hypoxia. Elevated hemoglobin levels can increase blood viscosity, leading to complications such as increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular stress. This finding indicates a potentially serious issue and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately to address any underlying causes and manage the client's condition effectively.
B. Oxygen saturation 92%
B) Oxygen saturation 92%: An oxygen saturation of 92% is slightly below the typical normal range (95-100%) but is not immediately life-threatening. While it indicates mild hypoxemia, it is a common finding in COPD patients, and the management would typically involve supplemental oxygen or adjustment of therapy. This finding should be monitored but is not the most critical issue to report immediately.
C. Productive cough with green sputum
C) Productive cough with green sputum: A productive cough with green sputum suggests a possible infection or exacerbation of COPD. Although this is an important finding that requires evaluation and possible treatment, it is less critical than an elevated hemoglobin level, which indicates a more acute systemic issue. The green sputum should be reported and managed, but it is not the priority compared to the elevated hemoglobin.
D. Chest x-ray shows hyperinflation of lungs
D) Chest x-ray shows hyperinflation of lungs: Hyperinflation of the lungs is a common radiological finding in COPD due to air trapping. While it is a significant finding, it is generally consistent with the disease's progression and does not indicate an acute problem requiring immediate intervention. Monitoring and managing the underlying COPD are necessary, but this finding is less urgent than the elevated hemoglobin.
Full Explanation
Answer: A
Rationale:
A) Hgb 20 g/dL:
A hemoglobin level of 20 g/dL is elevated and suggests polycythemia, which can occur in chronic respiratory conditions like COPD due to chronic hypoxia. Elevated hemoglobin levels can increase blood viscosity, leading to complications such as increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular stress. This finding indicates a potentially serious issue and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately to address any underlying causes and manage the client's condition effectively.
B) Oxygen saturation 92%:
An oxygen saturation of 92% is slightly below the typical normal range (95-100%) but is not immediately life-threatening. While it indicates mild hypoxemia, it is a common finding in COPD patients, and the management would typically involve supplemental oxygen or adjustment of therapy. This finding should be monitored but is not the most critical issue to report immediately.
C) Productive cough with green sputum:
A productive cough with green sputum suggests a possible infection or exacerbation of COPD. Although this is an important finding that requires evaluation and possible treatment, it is less critical than an elevated hemoglobin level, which indicates a more acute systemic issue. The green sputum should be reported and managed, but it is not the priority compared to the elevated hemoglobin.
D) Chest x-ray shows hyperinflation of lungs:
Hyperinflation of the lungs is a common radiological finding in COPD due to air trapping. While it is a significant finding, it is generally consistent with the disease's progression and does not indicate an acute problem requiring immediate intervention. Monitoring and managing the underlying COPD are necessary, but this finding is less urgent than the elevated hemoglobin.
A nurse in a clinic is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a combination contraceptive transdermal patch. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Start the first patch on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle.
A) Start the first patch on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle: The patch is typically applied on the first day of the menstrual cycle or the first Sunday after the menstrual period begins, not on the seventh day. This helps ensure effective contraception from the start of use.
B. The contraceptive effect will continue for 6 months following discontinuation of the medication
B) The contraceptive effect will continue for 6 months following discontinuation of the medication: The contraceptive effect of the patch does not last for 6 months after discontinuation. Once the patch is removed and not replaced, hormone levels drop, and fertility can return relatively quickly, typically within a few days to weeks.
C. Apply the patch to the lower abdomen
C) Apply the patch to the lower abdomen: The patch should be applied to clean, dry, and intact skin on areas such as the lower abdomen, upper outer arm, buttock, or upper torso (excluding the breasts). This location allows for consistent hormone absorption.
D. Expect to have a headache during the first month
D) Expect to have a headache during the first month: While some individuals may experience headaches as a side effect of hormonal contraceptives, this is not an expected or guaranteed outcome. Any persistent or severe headache should be reported to the healthcare provider, as it could indicate other concerns.
E. None
None
F. None
None
Full Explanation
Correct answer: C
A) Start the first patch on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle: The patch is typically applied on the first day of the menstrual cycle or the first Sunday after the menstrual period begins, not on the seventh day. This helps ensure effective contraception from the start of use.
B) The contraceptive effect will continue for 6 months following discontinuation of the medication: The contraceptive effect of the patch does not last for 6 months after discontinuation. Once the patch is removed and not replaced, hormone levels drop, and fertility can return relatively quickly, typically within a few days to weeks.
C) Apply the patch to the lower abdomen: The patch should be applied to clean, dry, and intact skin on areas such as the lower abdomen, upper outer arm, buttock, or upper torso (excluding the breasts). This location allows for consistent hormone absorption.
D) Expect to have a headache during the first month: While some individuals may experience headaches as a side effect of hormonal contraceptives, this is not an expected or guaranteed outcome. Any persistent or severe headache should be reported to the healthcare provider, as it could indicate other concerns.
A nurse is preparing to administer 5 units of regular insulin and 20 units of NPH insulin to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Inject 20 units of air into the vial of NPH insulin.
A) Inject 20 units of air into the vial of NPH insulin: Injecting air into the vial of NPH insulin is the first step to prevent creating a vacuum, which could make it difficult to withdraw the insulin later. The nurse must inject the corresponding amount of air for the dose needed, ensuring that the insulin can be withdrawn smoothly and accurately without bubbles, which could affect the dose.
B. Inject 5 units of air into the vial of regular insulin.
B) Inject 5 units of air into the vial of regular insulin: Injecting air into the regular insulin vial is also necessary before withdrawing the insulin, but it should be done after injecting air into the NPH vial. This sequence ensures that no NPH insulin contaminates the regular insulin vial when the nurse withdraws the doses later.
C. Withdraw 20 units of NPH insulin from the vial.
C) Withdraw 20 units of NPH insulin from the vial: Withdrawing NPH insulin should be done after air is injected into both vials and after the regular insulin has been drawn up. This sequence prevents the mixing of the two types of insulin and ensures accurate dosing, which is crucial for maintaining the correct blood glucose levels.
D. Withdraw 5 units of regular insulin from the vial.
D) Withdraw 5 units of regular insulin from the vial: Withdrawing regular insulin is critical to do before the NPH insulin to prevent contamination of the regular insulin with NPH, which could alter the onset and peak times of the regular insulin. However, it should follow the steps of injecting air into both vials, starting with the NPH vial.
Full Explanation
Answer: (A) Inject 20 units of air into the vial of NPH insulin.
Rationale:
A) Inject 20 units of air into the vial of NPH insulin:
Injecting air into the vial of NPH insulin is the first step to prevent creating a vacuum, which could make it difficult to withdraw the insulin later. The nurse must inject the corresponding amount of air for the dose needed, ensuring that the insulin can be withdrawn smoothly and accurately without bubbles, which could affect the dose.
B) Inject 5 units of air into the vial of regular insulin:
Injecting air into the regular insulin vial is also necessary before withdrawing the insulin, but it should be done after injecting air into the NPH vial. This sequence ensures that no NPH insulin contaminates the regular insulin vial when the nurse withdraws the doses later.
C) Withdraw 20 units of NPH insulin from the vial:
Withdrawing NPH insulin should be done after air is injected into both vials and after the regular insulin has been drawn up. This sequence prevents the mixing of the two types of insulin and ensures accurate dosing, which is crucial for maintaining the correct blood glucose levels.
D) Withdraw 5 units of regular insulin from the vial:
Withdrawing regular insulin is critical to do before the NPH insulin to prevent contamination of the regular insulin with NPH, which could alter the onset and peak times of the regular insulin. However, it should follow the steps of injecting air into both vials, starting with the NPH vial.