Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is providing teaching to a client about the adverse effects of sertraline. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include?
A. Metallic taste in the mouth
Incorrect. A metallic taste in the mouth is not a common adverse effect of sertraline.
B. Excessive sweating
Correct. Excessive sweating (diaphoresis) is a potential adverse effect of sertraline and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
C. Increased urinary frequency
Incorrect. Increased urinary frequency is not commonly associated with sertraline.
D. Dry cough
Incorrect. A dry cough is not a known adverse effect of sertraline.
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Full Explanation
A. Incorrect. A metallic taste in the mouth is not a common adverse effect of sertraline.
B. Correct. Excessive sweating (diaphoresis) is a potential adverse effect of sertraline and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
C. Incorrect. Increased urinary frequency is not commonly associated with sertraline.
D. Incorrect. A dry cough is not a known adverse effect of sertraline.
Similar Questions
A nurse in a long-term care facility is providing care for a client who has been receiving donepezil. Which of the following findings indicates that the medication is effective?
A. Improved short-term memory
Correct. Donepezil is a medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease and is expected to improve cognitive function, including short-term memory.
B. Increased food intake
Incorrect. Donepezil is not typically associated with changes in food intake.
C. Can perform ADLs independently
Incorrect. While improved functional ability is a goal of treatment, performing ADLs independently might not be solely indicative of donepezil's effectiveness.
D. Enhanced mood
Incorrect. Donepezil is primarily focused on improving cognitive function rather than mood enhancement.
Full Explanation
A. Correct. Donepezil is a medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease and is expected to improve cognitive function, including short-term memory.
B. Incorrect. Donepezil is not typically associated with changes in food intake.
C. Incorrect. While improved functional ability is a goal of treatment, performing ADLs independently might not be solely indicative of donepezil's effectiveness.
D. Incorrect. Donepezil is primarily focused on improving cognitive function rather than mood enhancement.
A nurse is planning to teach a client about taking prednisone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Take on an empty stomach.
Prednisone should generally be taken with food or after a meal to reduce the risk of gastric irritation or ulcer formation. Taking it on an empty stomach can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers.
B. Schedule dosage at bedtime.
While some medications are best taken at bedtime (such as those with sedative effects), prednisone is a corticosteroid that can affect the body's circadian rhythm and may interfere with sleep. It typically causes insomnia or restlessness, so it’s usually advised to take it in the morning.
C. Increase dietary calcium.
Prednisone and other corticosteroids can lead to bone loss (osteoporosis) over time, especially with long-term use. One of the side effects of corticosteroid therapy is decreased calcium absorption and bone density loss, making individuals at higher risk for fractures.
D. Monitor for weight loss.
Prednisone more commonly causes weight gain rather than weight loss. Corticosteroids increase appetite and can lead to fluid retention, both of which can result in weight gain. Additionally, prednisone can cause redistribution of fat, often leading to characteristic side effects like "moon face" or increased abdominal fat.
Full Explanation
A. Prednisone should generally be taken with food or after a meal to reduce the risk of gastric irritation or ulcer formation. Taking it on an empty stomach can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers.
B. While some medications are best taken at bedtime (such as those with sedative effects), prednisone is a corticosteroid that can affect the body's circadian rhythm and may interfere with sleep. It typically causes insomnia or restlessness, so it’s usually advised to take it in the morning.
C. Prednisone and other corticosteroids can lead to bone loss (osteoporosis) over time, especially with long-term use. One of the side effects of corticosteroid therapy is decreased calcium absorption and bone density loss, making individuals at higher risk for fractures.
D. Prednisone more commonly causes weight gain rather than weight loss. Corticosteroids increase appetite and can lead to fluid retention, both of which can result in weight gain. Additionally, prednisone can cause redistribution of fat, often leading to characteristic side effects like "moon face" or increased abdominal fat.
B. Incorrect. Prednisone is often prescribed as a single daily dose in the morning to coincide with the body's natural cortisol release.
C. Incorrect. While calcium supplementation might be necessary for some individuals on long-term prednisone therapy, it is not a primary instruction related to taking prednisone.
D. Correct. Monitoring for weight loss is important due to the potential for weight changes (both weight gain and weight loss) as a result of prednisone's effects on metabolism and appetite.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intermittent enteral tube feedings. Which of the following factors places the client at risk for aspiration?
A. A residual of 65 mL 1 hr postprandial
Incorrect. A residual of 65 mL may indicate delayed gastric emptying, but it alone does not directly correlate with an increased risk of aspiration unless it leads to significant overdistension or the client is unable to tolerate further feedings.
B. Sitting in high-Fowler's position during the feeding
Incorrect. Sitting in high Fowler's position during feeding is actually a preventive measure against aspiration.
C. A history of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Correct. his factor increases the risk for aspiration. Clients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are more prone to refluxing contents from the stomach into the esophagus, which can lead to aspiration, especially during or after feedings.
D. Receiving a high-osmolarity formula
Incorrect. The osmolarity of the formula might affect tolerance but is not directly related to aspiration risk.
Full Explanation
A. Incorrect. A residual of 65 mL may indicate delayed gastric emptying, but it alone does not directly correlate with an increased risk of aspiration unless it leads to significant overdistension or the client is unable to tolerate further feedings.
B. Incorrect. Sitting in high Fowler's position during feeding is actually a preventive measure against aspiration.
C. Correct. his factor increases the risk for aspiration. Clients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are more prone to refluxing contents from the stomach into the esophagus, which can lead to aspiration, especially during or after feedings.
D. Incorrect. The osmolarity of the formula might affect tolerance but is not directly related to aspiration risk.