Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has stage 2 Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Schedule appointments early in the morning."
Scheduling appointments earlier in the day accommodates the client's potential "on" periods when Parkinson's symptoms are better controlled.
B. "Look down at your feet when walking."
Looking down at the feet while walking is a technique that can help improve gait and stability, as Parkinson's disease often affects balance.
C. "Thicken liquids to promote swallowing."
Thicker liquids are less likely to cause aspiration in individuals with Parkinson's disease, as they can have difficulty coordinating the muscles needed for swallowing.
D. "Take a laxative if you experience constipation."
Constipation is a common issue in Parkinson's disease due to decreased gastrointestinal motility. However, focusing on dietary fiber and fluid intake is preferred before considering laxatives.
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Full Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Scheduling appointments earlier in the day accommodates the client's potential "on" periods when Parkinson's symptoms are better controlled.
Choice B rationale:
Looking down at the feet while walking is a technique that can help improve gait and stability, as Parkinson's disease often affects balance.
Choice C rationale:
Thicker liquids are less likely to cause aspiration in individuals with Parkinson's disease, as they can have difficulty coordinating the muscles needed for swallowing.
Choice D rationale:
Constipation is a common issue in Parkinson's disease due to decreased gastrointestinal motility. However, focusing on dietary fiber and fluid intake is preferred before considering laxatives.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted following an ischemic stroke. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
A. Provide rest breaks between nursing care activities.
Rest breaks help prevent excessive fatigue, which is important for the client's overall well-being during recovery from a stroke.
B. Notify the provider of a systolic BP higher than 180 mm Hg.
Elevated blood pressure can worsen the effects of a stroke. A systolic blood pressure higher than 180 mm Hg should be reported to the provider for prompt intervention.
C. Administer aspirin 650 mg every 6 hr for a headache.
Administering aspirin for a headache without a medical order and assessment is not advisable.
D. Keep the client's head in a midline neutral position.
Maintaining the client's head in a midline neutral position promotes proper alignment and blood flow to the brain.
E. Monitor the client's vital signs every 4 hr
Monitoring vital signs every 4 hours is important, but addressing elevated blood pressure takes priority.
Full Explanation
A. Providing rest breaks between nursing care activities is essential to prevent fatigue and allow for recovery, as stroke patients often have reduced endurance and energy.
B. Notifying the provider of a systolic blood pressure higher than 180 mm Hg is crucial because hypertension can exacerbate brain injury following a stroke and increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
C. Administering aspirin 650 mg every 6 hours for a headache is not recommended without a physician's order, especially post-stroke, as it can increase the risk of bleeding.
D. Keeping the client's head in a midline neutral position helps to promote venous drainage and decrease intracranial pressure, which is beneficial in the management of a stroke patient.
E. Monitoring the client's vital signs every 4 hours is important for detecting any changes in the patient's condition that may indicate complications or the need for medical intervention.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the mother of a newborn who is breastfeeding.
Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
A. "Newborns typically lose about 15 percent of their body weight following birth."
B. "You should keep your baby on a strict feeding schedule."
C. "You should consume an extra 650 calories a day while breastfeeding."
D. "Offer your baby a pacifier before sleep when he is 1 month old.".
E. "Offer your baby a pacifier before sleep when he is 1 month old.".
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Newborns typically lose some weight after birth, but 15 percent loss would be excessive and concerning. A normal weight loss range is about 5 to 10 percent.
Choice B rationale:
Newborns should be fed on demand rather than adhering to strict schedules to ensure they are adequately nourished.
Choice C rationale:
Breastfeeding requires additional energy, and mothers are generally advised to consume around 500 extra calories a day to support milk production and their own energy needs.
Choice D rationale:
Offering a pacifier before sleep can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but this recommendation usually starts at around 1 to 2 months of age.
A nurse is providing information to an adult client about obesity management. Which of the following changes in behavior should the nurse include in the client's wellness plan?
A. Hold the fork through the entire meal.
Holding the fork through the entire meal can lead to mindless eating and overeating. The client should put down the fork between bites and chew slowly to savor the food and feel full faster.
B. Plan meals day by day.
Planning meals day by day can be stressful and impractical for the client. The client might not have enough time or resources to prepare healthy meals every day, or might be tempted by unhealthy options when hungry. The client should plan meals ahead of time, such as weekly or monthly, and stock up on nutritious foods that are easy to prepare.
C. Schedule three times to eat each day.
Scheduling three times to eat each day can be too rigid and unrealistic for the client. The client might not feel hungry at the scheduled times, or might feel hungry in between meals and snack on junk food. The client should listen to their body and eat when they are hungry, but not too hungry. The client should also eat slowly and stop when they are full, but not too full.
D. Eat off a smaller plate
Eating off a smaller plate can help reduce the portion size and calorie intake of the client. This is a simple and effective way to manage obesity without feeling deprived or hungry. A smaller plate can also create an illusion of having more food, which can increase the satisfaction of the meal.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Holding the fork through the entire meal can lead to mindless eating and overeating. The client should put down the fork between bites and chew slowly to savor the food and feel full faster.
Choice B rationale:
Planning meals day by day can be stressful and impractical for the client. The client might not have enough time or resources to prepare healthy meals every day, or might be tempted by unhealthy options when hungry. The client should plan meals ahead of time, such as weekly or monthly, and stock up on nutritious foods that are easy to prepare.
Choice C rationale:
Scheduling three times to eat each day can be too rigid and unrealistic for the client. The client might not feel hungry at the scheduled times, or might feel hungry in between meals and snack
on junk food. The client should listen to their body and eat when they are hungry, but not too hungry. The client should also eat slowly and stop when they are full, but not too full.
Choice D rationale:
Eating off a smaller plate can help reduce the portion size and calorie intake of the client. This is a simple and effective way to manage obesity without feeling deprived or hungry. A smaller plate can also create an illusion of having more food, which can increase the satisfaction of the meal.