Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?
A. Obesity
While obesity can contribute to certain health conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
B. Protein in the urine
Proteinuria may indicate kidney dysfunction, but it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
C. Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of renal calculi formation.
D. Dehydration
Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of crystal formation and subsequently the formation of renal calculi.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati Med Surg Proctored Exam 8. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. While obesity can contribute to certain health conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
B. Proteinuria may indicate kidney dysfunction, but it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
C. Iron deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of renal calculi formation.
D. Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of crystal formation and subsequently the formation of renal calculi.
Similar Questions
A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?
A. Pacemaker
Having a pacemaker is not a contraindication for kidney transplant unless there are significant underlying cardiac issues that would increase the risks associated with surgery.
B. Alcohol use disorder
Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to multiple organ damage and increased surgical risks, making it a contraindication for kidney transplant.
C. Breast cancer survivor for 8 years
Being a breast cancer survivor is not a contraindication for kidney transplant unless there are active cancer or metastases that would affect surgical outcomes.
D. 65 years of age
Age alone is not a contraindication for kidney transplant. The decision for transplant candidacy is based on overall health status and comorbidities rather than age alone.
Full Explanation
A. Having a pacemaker is not a contraindication for kidney transplant unless there are significant underlying cardiac issues that would increase the risks associated with surgery.
B. Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to multiple organ damage and increased surgical risks, making it a contraindication for kidney transplant.
C. Being a breast cancer survivor is not a contraindication for kidney transplant unless there are active cancer or metastases that would affect surgical outcomes.
D. Age alone is not a contraindication for kidney transplant. The decision for transplant candidacy is based on overall health status and comorbidities rather than age alone.
A nurse is assessing a preschooler who has a calcium level of 8.0 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Polyuria
Polyuria (excessive urination) is not typically associated with low calcium levels. It may occur in conditions such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.
B. Muscle tremors
Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) can lead to neuromuscular irritability, which may manifest as muscle tremors or spasms. This is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.
C. Dry, sticky mucous membranes
Dry, sticky mucous membranes are more indicative of dehydration rather than hypocalcemia.
D. Negative Chvostek's sign
Negative Chvostek's sign means the absence of facial muscle twitching upon tapping the facial nerve, which is not expected in hypocalcemia.
Full Explanation
A. Polyuria (excessive urination) is not typically associated with low calcium levels. It may occur in conditions such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.
B. Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) can lead to neuromuscular irritability, which may manifest as muscle tremors or spasms. This is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.
C. Dry, sticky mucous membranes are more indicative of dehydration rather than hypocalcemia.
D. Negative Chvostek's sign means the absence of facial muscle twitching upon tapping the facial nerve, which is not expected in hypocalcemia.
A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Obtain a prescription for insulin for the client.
Insulin administration is not indicated for metabolic alkalosis.
B. Have the client breath into a paper bag.
Breathing into a paper bag is a treatment for respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic alkalosis.
C. Place the client on continuous cardiac monitoring,
Metabolic alkalosis can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia. Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential to promptly identify and manage any dysrhythmias that may occur.
D. Plan to administer sodium bicarbonate to the client.
Administering sodium bicarbonate would exacerbate metabolic alkalosis and is not indicated.
Full Explanation
A. Insulin administration is not indicated for metabolic alkalosis.
B. Breathing into a paper bag is a treatment for respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic alkalosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia. Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential to promptly identify and manage any dysrhythmias that may occur.
D. Administering sodium bicarbonate would exacerbate metabolic alkalosis and is not indicated.