Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is teaching the guardians of a school-age child who has cystic fibrosis about dietary needs. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
A. "Offer your child foods that are low in calories."
"Offer your child foods that are low in calories." Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) require a high-calorie diet because their bodies have difficulty absorbing nutrients due to pancreatic insufficiency.
B. "Offer your child foods that are high in fat."
"Offer your child foods that are high in fat." A high-fat diet (35%-40% of total calories from fat) is recommended because fat malabsorption is common in CF, and they need additional fat to meet their energy needs.
C. "Offer your child foods that are high in vitamin C."
"Offer your child foods that are high in vitamin C." While vitamin C is important, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are the primary concern since CF patients struggle to absorb them.
D. "Offer your child foods that are low in protein."
"Offer your child foods that are low in protein." Children with CF require adequate protein intake to support growth and maintain muscle mass, so protein restriction is not recommended.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati rn paediatrics nursing proctored exam 2023. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. "Offer your child foods that are low in calories." Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) require a high-calorie diet because their bodies have difficulty absorbing nutrients due to pancreatic insufficiency.
B. "Offer your child foods that are high in fat." A high-fat diet (35%-40% of total calories from fat) is recommended because fat malabsorption is common in CF, and they need additional fat to meet their energy needs.
C. "Offer your child foods that are high in vitamin C." While vitamin C is important, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are the primary concern since CF patients struggle to absorb them.
D. "Offer your child foods that are low in protein." Children with CF require adequate protein intake to support growth and maintain muscle mass, so protein restriction is not recommended.
Similar Questions
A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of a toddler who has scabies. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "You will need to give your child a course of corticosteroids."
"You will need to give your child a course of corticosteroids." Corticosteroids are not used to treat scabies. Treatment involves topical permethrin cream or oral ivermectin, not steroids.
B. "Your entire home will need to be thoroughly cleaned."
"Your entire home will need to be thoroughly cleaned." While cleaning bedding, clothing, and personal items is important, a full deep-cleaning of the home is not necessary because mites do not survive long away from human skin.
C. "Any person who has been in close contact with the child needs treatment."
"Any person who has been in close contact with the child needs treatment." Scabies is highly contagious, and all household members and close contacts should be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfestation.
D. "Place your nonwashable items in sealed plastic bags for up to 5 days."
"Place your nonwashable items in sealed plastic bags for up to 5 days." Scabies mites can survive off the body for up to 3 days, so items should be bagged for at least 3 days, not 5.
Full Explanation
A. "You will need to give your child a course of corticosteroids." Corticosteroids are not used to treat scabies. Treatment involves topical permethrin cream or oral ivermectin, not steroids.
B. "Your entire home will need to be thoroughly cleaned." While cleaning bedding, clothing, and personal items is important, a full deep-cleaning of the home is not necessary because mites do not survive long away from human skin.
C. "Any person who has been in close contact with the child needs treatment." Scabies is highly contagious, and all household members and close contacts should be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfestation.
D. "Place your nonwashable items in sealed plastic bags for up to 5 days." Scabies mites can survive off the body for up to 3 days, so items should be bagged for at least 3 days, not 5.
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about expected gross motor skills for infants. Which of the following skills should the nurse include for a 2- month-old infant?
A. Lifts head 45° when lying prone
"Lifts head 45° when lying prone." By 2 months of age, infants begin lifting their heads about 45 degrees while on their stomachs, which is an early sign of developing neck and upper body strength.
B. Rolls over from back to abdomen
"Rolls over from back to abdomen." Rolling from back to abdomen typically occurs around 6 months of age.
C. No head lag when pulled into a sitting position
"No head lag when pulled into a sitting position." Head lag is still present at 2 months, but it gradually disappears by 4 months as neck muscles strengthen.
D. Rolls over from abdomen to back
"Rolls over from abdomen to back." Rolling from abdomen to back typically occurs around 4 months of age, followed by rolling from back to abdomen at about 6 months.
Full Explanation
A. "Lifts head 45° when lying prone." By 2 months of age, infants begin lifting their heads about 45 degrees while on their stomachs, which is an early sign of developing neck and upper body strength.
B. "Rolls over from back to abdomen." Rolling from back to abdomen typically occurs around 6 months of age.
C. "No head lag when pulled into a sitting position." Head lag is still present at 2 months, but it gradually disappears by 4 months as neck muscles strengthen.
D. "Rolls over from abdomen to back." Rolling from abdomen to back typically occurs around 4 months of age, followed by rolling from back to abdomen at about 6 months.
A nurse is performing a physical assessment for a 13-year-old adolescent. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Have the child bend forward at the waist and check for asymmetry of the scapula.
"Have the child bend forward at the waist and check for asymmetry of the scapula." This maneuver is known as the Adam's forward bend test and is used to screen for scoliosis, which commonly appears during adolescence.
B. Auscultate the abdomen for at least 1 min if bowel sounds are absent.
"Auscultate the abdomen for at least 1 min if bowel sounds are absent." If bowel sounds are absent, the nurse should listen for at least 5 minutes in each quadrant before concluding they are truly absent.
C. Use the FACES scale to assess pain.
"Use the FACES scale to assess pain." The FACES scale is typically used for younger children (3-7 years old). Adolescents can usually use a numeric rating scale (0-10) for pain assessment.
D. Observe abdominal movement to determine the respiratory rate.
"Observe abdominal movement to determine the respiratory rate." Abdominal breathing is characteristic of infants and younger children. In adolescents, the nurse should observe chest movement to assess respiratory rate.
Full Explanation
A. "Have the child bend forward at the waist and check for asymmetry of the scapula." This maneuver is known as the Adam's forward bend test and is used to screen for scoliosis, which commonly appears during adolescence.
B. "Auscultate the abdomen for at least 1 min if bowel sounds are absent." If bowel sounds are absent, the nurse should listen for at least 5 minutes in each quadrant before concluding they are truly absent.
C. "Use the FACES scale to assess pain." The FACES scale is typically used for younger children (3-7 years old). Adolescents can usually use a numeric rating scale (0-10) for pain assessment.
D. "Observe abdominal movement to determine the respiratory rate." Abdominal breathing is characteristic of infants and younger children. In adolescents, the nurse should observe chest movement to assess respiratory rate.