Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is teaching the parent of a toddler who has phenylketonuria about meal planning.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Increase the toddler's protein consumption.
Toddlers with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to limit their intake of phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein. Therefore, the toddler's protein consumption should be carefully controlled and monitored.
B. Limit foods high in iron.
Foods high in iron do not need to be specifically limited for a child with PKU. Iron- rich foods are important for overall health and should be included in the diet.
C. Use aspartame as a sugar substitute.
Aspartame contains phenylalanine and should be avoided by individuals with PKU. PKU is a metabolic disorder that impairs the body's ability to break down phenylalanine, so it is important to limit phenylalanine intake.
D. Avoid foods containing milk products.
This is correct. Foods containing milk products should be avoided, as they are a source of phenylalanine and can contribute to an excessive intake of this amino acid in a child with PKU. Instead, specialized medical foods low in phenylalanine are recommended.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 with NGN Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Toddlers with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to limit their intake of phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein. Therefore, the toddler's protein consumption should be carefully controlled and monitored.
B. Foods high in iron do not need to be specifically limited for a child with PKU. Iron-rich foods are important for overall health and should be included in the diet.
C. Aspartame contains phenylalanine and should be avoided by individuals with PKU. PKU is a metabolic disorder that impairs the body's ability to break down phenylalanine, so it is important to limit phenylalanine intake.
D. This is correct. Foods containing milk products should be avoided, as they are a source of phenylalanine and can contribute to an excessive intake of this amino acid in a child with PKU. Instead, specialized medical foods low in phenylalanine are recommended.
Similar Questions
A nurse is planning care for an adolescent who has sickle cell anemia which of the following immunizations should the nurse include in the plan?
A. Rotavirus
Rotavirus vaccine is not typically indicated for adolescents. It is usually administered to infants.
B. Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV)
Adolescents with sickle cell anemia are at increased risk for infections, including those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) helps protect against certain types of pneumococcal bacteria.
C. Measles, mumps and rubelle (MMR)
The MMR vaccine provides immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella, but it is not specifically indicated for adolescents with sickle cell anemia. They should receivethis vaccine as recommended for their age group.
D. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
The RSV vaccine is primarily recommended for infants and young children at high risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. It is not typically indicated for adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
Full Explanation
A. Rotavirus vaccine is not typically indicated for adolescents. It is usually administered to infants.
B. Correct. Adolescents with sickle cell anemia are at increased risk for infections,
including those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) helps protect against certain types of pneumococcal bacteria.
C. The MMR vaccine provides immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella, but it is not specifically indicated for adolescents with sickle cell anemia. They should receive
this vaccine as recommended for their age group.
D. The RSV vaccine is primarily recommended for infants and young children at high risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. It is not typically indicated for adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
A nurse is preparing to initiate IV antibiotic therapy for a newly admitted 12-month-old infant. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
A. Start the IV in the infant's foot.
Starting the IV in the infant's foot is not the preferred site for a 12-month-old who is ambulatory or beginning to walk, as it can interfere with mobility. The hand, forearm, or scalp (if necessary) are preferred sites.
B. Use a 24-gauge catheter to start the IV.
Using a 24-gauge catheter is the correct choice, as smaller-gauge catheters (24- to 26-gauge) are appropriate for infants to minimize trauma and facilitate proper IV access.
C. Change the IV site every 3 days.
Changing the IV site every 3 days is a general guideline for adults, but in infants, the site should be assessed frequently and changed as needed based on signs of infiltration or complications.
D. Cover the insertion site with an opaque dressing.
Covering the insertion site with an opaque dressing is incorrect because a transparent dressing is preferred to allow for continuous assessment of the site for complications such as infiltration or phlebitis.
Full Explanation
A. Starting the IV in the infant's foot is not the preferred site for a 12-month-old who is ambulatory or beginning to walk, as it can interfere with mobility. The hand, forearm, or scalp (if necessary) are preferred sites.
B. Using a 24-gauge catheter is the correct choice, as smaller-gauge catheters (24- to 26-gauge) are appropriate for infants to minimize trauma and facilitate proper IV access.
C. Changing the IV site every 3 days is a general guideline for adults, but in infants, the site should be assessed frequently and changed as needed based on signs of infiltration or complications.
D. Covering the insertion site with an opaque dressing is incorrect because a transparent dressing is preferred to allow for continuous assessment of the site for complications such as infiltration or phlebitis.
A nurse is assessing an adolescent client who has Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Unexplained weight gain
Unexplained weight gain is not a typical finding in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Weight loss is more commonly associated with this condition.
B. Night sweats
Night sweats are a common symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma. They can be indicative of the body's response to the cancer.
C. Flushed skin
Flushed skin is not typically associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Pallor or jaundice may be more commonly observed.
D. Decreased body temperature
Decreased body temperature is not a typical finding in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Infection or fever may lead to an elevated body temperature.
Full Explanation
A. Unexplained weight gain is not a typical finding in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Weight loss is more commonly associated with this condition.
B. Night sweats are a common symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma. They can be indicative of the body's response to the cancer.
C. Flushed skin is not typically associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Pallor or jaundice may be more commonly observed.
D. Decreased body temperature is not a typical finding in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Infection or fever may lead to an elevated body temperature.