Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) reports leg pain while walking which resolves with rest. The nurse recognizes this symptom as:
A. Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis typically causes constant pain, swelling, and redness and does not improve with rest.
B. Restless leg syndrome
Restless leg syndrome. Restless leg syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually at rest, and is not associated with walking.
C. Intermittent claudication
Intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of PAD where muscle pain or cramping occurs during activity and is relieved with rest due to insufficient blood flow.
D. Varicose veins
Varicose veins. Varicose veins generally cause aching and swelling rather than pain triggered specifically by walking.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati lpn med surg proctored exam 6. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis typically causes constant pain, swelling, and redness and does not improve with rest.
B. Restless leg syndrome. Restless leg syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually at rest, and is not associated with walking.
C. Intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of PAD where muscle pain or cramping occurs during activity and is relieved with rest due to insufficient blood flow.
D. Varicose veins. Varicose veins generally cause aching and swelling rather than pain triggered specifically by walking.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who develops a fat embolism after sustaining multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?
A. Initiate intravenous fluid therapy
Initiate intravenous fluid therapy. While fluid therapy is essential to support circulation and reduce the risk of shock, oxygenation takes priority in fat embolism management.
B. Prepare the client for emergency surgery
Prepare the client for emergency surgery. Surgery is not typically the first-line intervention for fat embolism; management focuses on supportive care, particularly respiratory support.
C. Administer high flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask. High-flow oxygen is the first priority to address hypoxia caused by fat embolism and should be administered immediately to maintain adequate oxygenation.
D. Apply sequential compression devices (SCDs)
Apply sequential compression devices (SCDs). SCDs are used to prevent venous thromboembolism, but they do not help with the treatment of fat embolism.
Full Explanation
A. Initiate intravenous fluid therapy. While fluid therapy is essential to support circulation and reduce the risk of shock, oxygenation takes priority in fat embolism management.
B. Prepare the client for emergency surgery. Surgery is not typically the first-line intervention for fat embolism; management focuses on supportive care, particularly respiratory support.
C. Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask. High-flow oxygen is the first priority to address hypoxia caused by fat embolism and should be administered immediately to maintain adequate oxygenation.
D. Apply sequential compression devices (SCDs). SCDs are used to prevent venous thromboembolism, but they do not help with the treatment of fat embolism.
A nurse is assisting with preparations for administering intravenous potassium replacement supplements to a client who has a potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to include? (Select All that Apply.)
A. Ensure that the client's urine output is at least 1ml/kg/hr
Ensure that the client's urine output is at least 1 ml/kg/hr. Adequate urine output is essential before administering IV potassium to ensure the kidneys are functioning properly and can handle the increased potassium load, preventing hyperkalemia.
B. Ensure potassium infusion is prepared with 5% dextrose solution
Ensure potassium infusion is prepared with 5% dextrose solution. While IV potassium can be mixed with normal saline or dextrose solutions, the specific diluent will depend on the clinical scenario. This isn't necessarily a standard requirement, so it may not be appropriate for all situations.
C. Educate client regarding high-potassium food sources
Educate the client regarding high-potassium foods. Education on high-potassium foods helps the client maintain potassium levels after treatment, reducing the need for future supplementation.
D. Repeat blood serum potassium
Repeat blood serum potassium levels. Rechecking potassium levels ensures the patient reaches a safe and therapeutic range and helps monitor for signs of overcorrection or continued hypokalemia.
E. Cardiac monitoring during infusion
Cardiac monitoring during infusion. Cardiac monitoring is critical, as hypokalemia and potassium replacement can affect heart rhythm and lead to arrhythmias.
Full Explanation
A. Ensure that the client's urine output is at least 1 ml/kg/hr. Adequate urine output is essential before administering IV potassium to ensure the kidneys are functioning properly and can handle the increased potassium load, preventing hyperkalemia.
B. Ensure potassium infusion is prepared with 5% dextrose solution. While IV potassium can be mixed with normal saline or dextrose solutions, the specific diluent will depend on the clinical scenario. This isn't necessarily a standard requirement, so it may not be appropriate for all situations.
C. Educate the client regarding high-potassium foods. Education on high-potassium foods helps the client maintain potassium levels after treatment, reducing the need for future supplementation.
D. Repeat blood serum potassium levels. Rechecking potassium levels ensures the patient reaches a safe and therapeutic range and helps monitor for signs of overcorrection or continued hypokalemia.
E. Cardiac monitoring during infusion. Cardiac monitoring is critical, as hypokalemia and potassium replacement can affect heart rhythm and lead to arrhythmias.
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client in the emergency department 1 week after an appointment with the medical provider.
A. Polyuria/polydipsia
B. Heart rate
C. Respirations
D. Mental status
E. Serum glucose greater than 600mg/dl. Serum osmolality greater than 320 mOsm/kg
F. insidious onset (days to weeks)
G. infection as precipitating factor
Full Explanation
Polyuria/Polydipsia:
- Supports both DKA and HHS as both conditions typically exhibit severe dehydration and excessive thirst and urination.
Heart Rate (tachycardia):
- Consistent with both DKA and HHS due to dehydration and fluid shifts, though heart rate alone does not differentiate the two.
Respirations (Kussmaul's):
- Suggests DKA; deep, labored Kussmaul respirations typically help compensate for metabolic acidosis, which is characteristic of DKA.
Mental Status (confusion, lethargy):
- More common in HHS, where very high glucose and osmolality levels often lead to more profound neurologic changes. Can also occur in DKA.
Serum Glucose >600 mg/dL and Serum Osmolality >320 mOsm/kg:
- Consistent with both DKA and HHS, though more frequently seen in HHS given the higher osmolality. In DKA, serum glucose usually elevated but often lower than in HHS. Osmolality may be increased but not as high as in HHS.
Insidious onset (days to weeks):
- Suggests HHS, as it often has a slower onset than DKA, which typically presents more acutely.
Infection as precipitating factor:
- Could support either condition as infections can precipitate both DKA and HHS.