Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
The parents are at the bedside and state that each parent thought the other parent was watching the child. They are not sure how long he was in the pool or how he might have fallen in. The temperature of the pool was cool as the temperature outside was about 64 °F (17.8 °C).
Placed a cervical collar with the assistance of the physician. The child's pulse is 121 beats/minute, the airway is patent, and there are no signs of any bleeding.
Review H and P, nurse's note, laboratory results, orders, and imaging studies. What complications should the nurse monitor for in the next 6 to 8 hours? Select all that apply.
A. Cerebral edema
Cerebral edema: Brain injury or trauma can lead to swelling and increased intracranial pressure.
B. Acute asphyxia
Asphyxia is the initial event that occurred in the pool. By the time the child is admitted to the pediatric floor, the asphyxiation event has passed; the nurse now monitors for its aftereffects.
C. Hypertension
Incorrect- Hypertension is not a common complication following near-drowning. The focus should be on potential brain injuries and respiratory distress.
D. Respiratory distress
Correct- Near-drowning can lead to aspiration of water or other substances, which can result in respiratory distress.
E. Hyperthermia
Incorrect- hyperthermia is not likely to occur in this case because the child was exposed to cold water.
F. Subdural hemorrhage
The head CT scan was negative for bleeding. Without a significant traumatic impact or pre-existing condition, a subdural hemorrhage is not a standard complication resulting from a submersion injury.
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Full Explanation
Choice A rationale: Hypoxic-ischemic injury from submersion can lead to delayed cerebral edema. Monitoring is critical as the brain's inflammatory response to the initial insult often peaks several hours after the event.
Choice B rationale: Asphyxia is the initial event that occurred in the pool. By the time the child is admitted to the pediatric floor, the asphyxiation event has passed; the nurse now monitors for its aftereffects.
Choice C rationale: Near-drowning victims are more likely to experience hypotension due to myocardial depression or shifting fluid balances. Hypertension is not a typical expected complication in the immediate post-submersion recovery period.
Choice D rationale: Aspiration of water interferes with surfactant production and damages alveolar membranes, leading to pulmonary edema or ARDS. Respiratory status can deteriorate rapidly 6 to 8 hours after the initial insult.
Choice E rationale: The child was in cool water with an outdoor temperature of 64°F, making hypothermia the primary concern. Hyperthermia is not expected unless a secondary infection or a thermregulation failure occurs much later.
Choice F rationale: The head CT scan was negative for bleeding. Without a significant traumatic impact or pre-existing condition, a subdural hemorrhage is not a standard complication resulting from a submersion injury.
Similar Questions
The nurse is preparing a client who had a below-the-knee (BKA) amputation for discharge to home. Which recommendation(s) should the nurse provide this client? (Select all that apply.)
A. Inspect skin for redness.
Inspecting the skin for redness is crucial to identify any signs of infection or pressure sores early. Redness can indicate irritation or the beginning of a pressure ulcer, which needs to be addressed promptly to prevent further complications.
B. Use a residual limb shrinker.
Using a residual limb shrinker helps to reduce swelling and shape the residual limb for prosthetic fitting. It also helps in managing pain and promoting healing by providing consistent compression.
C. Avoid range of motion exercises.
Avoiding range of motion exercises is incorrect. Range of motion exercises are essential to maintain joint flexibility and prevent contractures, which can hinder the use of a prosthetic limb.
D. Apply alcohol to the residual limb after bathing.
Applying alcohol to the residual limb after bathing is not recommended. Alcohol can dry out the skin and cause irritation, which can lead to skin breakdown and infection. Instead, the residual limb should be kept clean and moisturized with appropriate skin care products.
Full Explanation
The correct answer is a. Inspect skin for redness and b. Use a residual limb shrinker.
Choice A rationale:
Inspecting the skin for redness is crucial to identify any signs of infection or pressure sores early. Redness can indicate irritation or the beginning of a pressure ulcer, which needs to be addressed promptly to prevent further complications.
Choice B rationale:
Using a residual limb shrinker helps to reduce swelling and shape the residual limb for prosthetic fitting. It also helps in managing pain and promoting healing by providing consistent compression.
Choice C rationale:
Avoiding range of motion exercises is incorrect. Range of motion exercises are essential to maintain joint flexibility and prevent contractures, which can hinder the use of a prosthetic limb.
Choice D rationale:
Applying alcohol to the residual limb after bathing is not recommended. Alcohol can dry out the skin and cause irritation, which can lead to skin breakdown and infection. Instead, the residual limb should be kept clean and moisturized with appropriate skin care products.
What should the nurse include in pre-discharge education for this child's parents? Select all that apply.
A. Contact information for community resources
Correct- The nurse should provide the parents with the phone numbers and websites of local organizations that offer support and counseling for families who have experienced a traumatic event. The nurse should also encourage the parents to seek professional help if they feel overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious.
B. Information about pool safety
Correct- Educating the parents about pool safety is crucial to prevent future accidents. This information can include guidelines for supervision, barriers, and measures to prevent drowning incidents.
C. A warning about potential charges for child neglect
Incorrect- While it's important for parents to be aware of the seriousness of child neglect, including this information in pre-discharge education might not be the most appropriate time, especially if the child is showing only minor signs of impact from the incident. This could increase their guilt and distress and damage the therapeutic relationship. The nurse should focus on providing support and education, not judgment or punishment.
D. When to follow up with the child's pediatrician
Correct- The nurse should advise the parents to schedule a follow-up visit with the child's pediatrician within a week of discharge. The nurse should explain that the pediatrician will monitor the child's recovery and check for any signs of complications, such as brain damage, infection, or lung injury.
F. Assessment of the parent's coping skills
Correct- Assessing the parent's coping skills can help identify if they are dealing with any emotional stress or trauma related to the incident. Providing appropriate support or referrals if needed can be beneficial.
Full Explanation
A. Correct- The nurse should provide the parents with the phone numbers and websites of local organizations that offer support and counseling for families who have experienced a traumatic event. The nurse should also encourage the parents to seek professional help if they feel overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious.
B. Correct- Educating the parents about pool safety is crucial to prevent future accidents. This information can include guidelines for supervision, barriers, and measures to prevent drowning incidents.
C. Incorrect- While it's important for parents to be aware of the seriousness of child neglect, including this information in pre-discharge education might not be the most appropriate time, especially if the child is showing only minor signs of impact from the incident. This could increase their guilt and distress and damage the therapeutic relationship. The nurse should focus on providing support and education, not judgment or punishment.
D. Correct- The nurse should advise the parents to schedule a follow-up visit with the child's pediatrician within a week of discharge. The nurse should explain that the pediatrician will monitor the child's recovery and check for any signs of complications, such as brain damage, infection, or lung injury.
F. Correct- Assessing the parent's coping skills can help identify if they are dealing with any emotional stress or trauma related to the incident. Providing appropriate support or referrals if needed can be beneficial.
The nurse discovers that an older client with no history of cardiac or renal disease has an elevated serum magnesium level. To further investigate the cause of this electrolyte imbalance, what information is most important for the nurse to obtain from the client's medical history?
A. Genetically inherited disorders of family members.
Incorrect- Genetically inherited disorders of family members: While a family history of certain disorders might provide some insight, it is not typically the primary cause of elevated serum magnesium levels in an older adult.
B. Frequency of laxative use for chronic constipation.
Correct- Elevated serum magnesium levels are commonly associated with chronic laxative use, especially those containing magnesium-based compounds. Laxatives can lead to excessive magnesium intake, causing hypermagnesemia.
C. Length and frequency of the client's tobacco use.
Incorrect- Smoking is not a common cause of elevated serum magnesium levels.
D. Ingestion of shellfish or fish oil capsules daily.
Incorrect- While dietary sources can contribute to magnesium intake, chronic laxative use is a more likely cause in this context.
Full Explanation
A) Incorrect- Genetically inherited disorders of family members: While a family history of certain disorders might provide some insight, it is not typically the primary cause of elevated serum magnesium levels in an older adult.
B) Correct- Elevated serum magnesium levels are commonly associated with chronic laxative use, especially those containing magnesium-based compounds. Laxatives can lead to excessive magnesium intake, causing hypermagnesemia.
C. Incorrect- Smoking is not a common cause of elevated serum magnesium levels.
D. Incorrect- While dietary sources can contribute to magnesium intake, chronic laxative use is a more likely cause in this context.