Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Interpret the following arterial blood gas: pH 7.43: HCO3 35: Paco 46.
A. Respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a pH less than 7.35 and a PaCO2 greater than 454. In this case, the pH is 7.43, which is within the normal range, and the PaCO2 is 46, which is slightly above the normal range. Therefore, this does not indicate respiratory acidosis.
B. Respiratory alkalosis.
Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a pH greater than 7.45 and a PaCO2 less than 354. In this case, the pH is 7.43, which is within the normal range, and the PaCO2 is 46, which is slightly above the normal range. Therefore, this does not indicate respiratory alkalosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis.
Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a pH less than 7.35 and a HCO3 less than 224. In this case, the pH is 7.43, which is within the normal range, and the HCO3 is 35, which is above the normal range. Therefore, this does not indicate metabolic acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis.
Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a pH greater than 7.45 and a HCO3 greater than 264. In this case, the pH is 7.43, which is within the normal range, and the HCO3 is 35, which is above the normal range. Therefore, this indicates metabolic alkalosis.
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Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a pH less than 7.35 and a PaCO2 greater than 454. In this case, the pH is 7.43, which is within the normal range, and the PaCO2 is 46, which is slightly above the normal range. Therefore, this does not indicate respiratory acidosis.
Choice B rationale
Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a pH greater than 7.45 and a PaCO2 less than 354. In this case, the pH is 7.43, which is within the normal range, and the PaCO2 is 46, which is slightly above the normal range. Therefore, this does not indicate respiratory alkalosis.
Choice C rationale
Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a pH less than 7.35 and a HCO3 less than 224. In this case, the pH is 7.43, which is within the normal range, and the HCO3 is 35, which is above the normal range. Therefore, this does not indicate metabolic acidosis.
Choice D rationale
Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a pH greater than 7.45 and a HCO3 greater than 264. In this case, the pH is 7.43, which is within the normal range, and the HCO3 is 35, which is above the normal range. Therefore, this indicates metabolic alkalosis.
Similar Questions
The nurse is reassessing a 57-year-old female client who was admitted to the hospital with a left upper arm open wound infection (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] and several gram-negative bacteria) and cellulitis 5 days ago.
Tomorrow she is scheduled for discharge to home with her daughter to continue oral antibiotic therapy for another 10 days.
For each assessment finding, use the choices from the drop-down box to indicate whether the interventions were Effective (helped to meet expected outcomes), Ineffective (did not help to meet expected outcomes), or Unrelated (not related to the expected outcomes).
A. Client reports mild pain in upper left arm at 2/10 on a scale of 0 to 10.
The client reports mild pain in the upper left arm at 2/10 on a scale of 0 to 10. This indicates that the interventions were effective in managing the pain associated with the infection and cellulitis.
B. Client’s early morning finger stick blood glucose (FSBG) was 97 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L).
The client’s early morning finger stick blood glucose (FSBG) was 97 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L). This is within the normal range, indicating that the interventions were effective in maintaining the client’s blood glucose levels within the normal range.
C. Client’s left upper arm slightly reddened when compared with right upper arm.
The client’s left upper arm is slightly reddened when compared with the right upper arm. This could be a sign of inflammation or infection, suggesting that the interventions were ineffective in completely resolving the infection and cellulitis.
D. Client reports that her back is more achy since she came to the hospital.
The client reports that her back is more achy since she came to the hospital. This could be due to a variety of factors, including the hospital bed or a lack of physical activity. It is unrelated to the expected outcomes of the interventions for the infection and cellulitis.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
The client reports mild pain in the upper left arm at 2/10 on a scale of 0 to 10. This indicates that the interventions were effective in managing the pain associated with the infection and cellulitis.
Choice B rationale
The client’s early morning finger stick blood glucose (FSBG) was 97 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L). This is within the normal range, indicating that the interventions were effective in maintaining the client’s blood glucose levels within the normal range.
Choice C rationale
The client’s left upper arm is slightly reddened when compared with the right upper arm. This could be a sign of inflammation or infection, suggesting that the interventions were ineffective in completely resolving the infection and cellulitis.
Choice D rationale
The client reports that her back is more achy since she came to the hospital. This could be due to a variety of factors, including the hospital bed or a lack of physical activity. It is unrelated to the expected outcomes of the interventions for the infection and cellulitis.
The nurse is caring for a newly admitted client.
Which intervention is the best example of a culturally appropriate nursing intervention?
A. Insist family members provide most of the client’s personal care.
Insisting that family members provide most of the client’s personal care may not be culturally appropriate. It may place undue burden on the family and may not respect the client’s autonomy or preferences.
B. Maintain a personal space of at least 2 feet when assessing the client.
Maintaining a personal space of at least 2 feet when assessing the client may not be culturally appropriate. Different cultures have different norms and expectations about personal space, and this distance may be seen as too distant or impersonal in some cultures.
C. Ask permission before touching a client during the physical assessment.
Asking permission before touching a client during the physical assessment is a culturally appropriate nursing intervention. It shows respect for the client’s personal space and autonomy, and acknowledges cultural differences in norms about touch.
D. Consider the client’s ethnicity as the most important factor in planning care.
Considering the client’s ethnicity as the most important factor in planning care is not a culturally appropriate nursing intervention. While a client’s ethnicity can influence their health beliefs and behaviors, it is only one aspect of their identity and should not be the sole basis for planning care. Hildegard Peplau Hildegard Peplau Explore
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
Insisting that family members provide most of the client’s personal care may not be culturally appropriate. It may place undue burden on the family and may not respect the client’s autonomy or preferences.
Choice B rationale
Maintaining a personal space of at least 2 feet when assessing the client may not be culturally appropriate. Different cultures have different norms and expectations about personal space, and this distance may be seen as too distant or impersonal in some cultures.
Choice C rationale
Asking permission before touching a client during the physical assessment is a culturally appropriate nursing intervention. It shows respect for the client’s personal space and autonomy, and acknowledges cultural differences in norms about touch.
Choice D rationale
Considering the client’s ethnicity as the most important factor in planning care is not a culturally appropriate nursing intervention. While a client’s ethnicity can influence their health beliefs and behaviors, it is only one aspect of their identity and should not be the sole basis for planning care. Hildegard Peplau Hildegard Peplau Explore
A nursing educator is utilizing case studies from one demographic to instruct a different demographic on ethical decision-making.
Which ethical system does this approach exemplify?
A. Deontology
Deontology is an ethical theory that emphasizes duties or rules. It doesn’t focus on using case studies from one demographic to instruct a different demographic on ethical decision-making.
B. Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes. It suggests that the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number. It doesn’t involve using case studies from one demographic to instruct another.
C. Feminist Ethics
Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics that builds on the belief that traditionally ethical theorizing has undervalued and/or underappreciated women’s moral experience. It doesn’t directly relate to the use of case studies from one demographic to instruct another.
D. Casuistry
Casuistry, in ethics, a case-based method of reasoning. It is particularly employed in field- specific branches of professional ethics such as business ethics and bioethics. Casuistry typically uses general principles in reasoning analogically from clear-cut cases, called paradigms, to vexing cases. This aligns with the scenario of a nursing educator utilizing case studies from one demographic to instruct a different demographic on ethical decision-making.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
Deontology is an ethical theory that emphasizes duties or rules. It doesn’t focus on using case studies from one demographic to instruct a different demographic on ethical decision-making.
Choice B rationale
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes. It suggests that the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number. It doesn’t involve using case studies from one demographic to instruct another.
Choice C rationale
Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics that builds on the belief that traditionally ethical theorizing has undervalued and/or underappreciated women’s moral experience. It doesn’t directly relate to the use of case studies from one demographic to instruct another.
Choice D rationale
Casuistry, in ethics, a case-based method of reasoning. It is particularly employed in field- specific branches of professional ethics such as business ethics and bioethics. Casuistry typically uses general principles in reasoning analogically from clear-cut cases, called paradigms, to vexing cases. This aligns with the scenario of a nursing educator utilizing case studies from one demographic to instruct a different demographic on ethical decision-making.