Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Normal chewing in humans involves _____ of the mandible.
A. Protraction and retraction
Protraction and retraction refer to the forward and backward movement of the mandible, which occurs during certain chewing motions but is not the primary movement involved in chewing.
B. Opposition and reposition
Opposition and reposition are movements of the thumb and fingers, not the mandible. They are unrelated to chewing.
C. Elevation and pronation
Pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm, not the mandible. Elevation is correct, but pronation does not apply to jaw movement.
D. Elevation and depression
Elevation and depression are the correct movements involved in chewing. Elevation closes the jaw (biting), and depression opens it (jaw lowering).
E. Supination and depression
Supination is also a forearm movement and does not apply to the mandible. Depression is correct, but supination is irrelevant here.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Anatomy and physiology proctored exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Protraction and retraction refer to the forward and backward movement of the mandible, which occurs during certain chewing motions but is not the primary movement involved in chewing.
Choice B reason: Opposition and reposition are movements of the thumb and fingers, not the mandible. They are unrelated to chewing.
Choice C reason: Pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm, not the mandible. Elevation is correct, but pronation does not apply to jaw movement.
Choice D reason: Elevation and depression are the correct movements involved in chewing. Elevation closes the jaw (biting), and depression opens it (jaw lowering).
Choice E reason: Supination is also a forearm movement and does not apply to the mandible. Depression is correct, but supination is irrelevant here.
Similar Questions
Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by:
A. Forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
Creatine phosphate does not interact directly with myosin. Its role is in energy storage and transfer, not in forming structural compounds with contractile proteins.
B. Breaking down ATP to ADP
ATP is broken down to ADP during muscle contraction, but creatine phosphate does not perform this breakdown. Instead, it helps regenerate ATP from ADP.
C. Storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP
This is the correct answer. Creatine phosphate stores high-energy phosphate groups and donates them to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during short bursts of intense muscular activity.
D. Forming a chemical compound with actin
Creatine phosphate does not form compounds with actin. Its function is metabolic, not structural.
E. Inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments
While ATP binding and hydrolysis induce conformational changes in myofilaments, creatine phosphate itself does not directly cause these changes. It supports ATP regeneration.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Creatine phosphate does not interact directly with myosin. Its role is in energy storage and transfer, not in forming structural compounds with contractile proteins.
Choice B reason: ATP is broken down to ADP during muscle contraction, but creatine phosphate does not perform this breakdown. Instead, it helps regenerate ATP from ADP.
Choice C reason: This is the correct answer. Creatine phosphate stores high-energy phosphate groups and donates them to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during short bursts of intense muscular activity.
Choice D reason: Creatine phosphate does not form compounds with actin. Its function is metabolic, not structural.
Choice E reason: While ATP binding and hydrolysis induce conformational changes in myofilaments, creatine phosphate itself does not directly cause these changes. It supports ATP regeneration.
Articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones serves to:
A. Attach tendons
Tendons attach muscles to bones, not to articular cartilage. Cartilage does not serve as an attachment site for tendons.
B. Produce red blood cells
Red blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow, which is found in spongy bone, not in articular cartilage.
C. Form a spongy cushion that absorbs compressions
Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage and covers the ends of bones in synovial joints. It provides a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and acts as a cushion to absorb compressive forces during movement.
D. Increase bone length
Bone length increases through growth at the epiphyseal plate, not through articular cartilage.
E. Form the synovial membrane
The synovial membrane lines the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid. It is a separate structure from articular cartilage.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Tendons attach muscles to bones, not to articular cartilage. Cartilage does not serve as an attachment site for tendons.
Choice B reason: Red blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow, which is found in spongy bone, not in articular cartilage.
Choice C reason: Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage and covers the ends of bones in synovial joints. It provides a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and acts as a cushion to absorb compressive forces during movement.
Choice D reason: Bone length increases through growth at the epiphyseal plate, not through articular cartilage.
Choice E reason: The synovial membrane lines the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid. It is a separate structure from articular cartilage.
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.
A. Intercarpal joints of the wrist
Intercarpal joints are planar joints that allow gliding movements between the carpal bones. They do not have the saddle-shaped surfaces characteristic of saddle joints.
B. Metacarpophalangeal joint of the finger
Metacarpophalangeal joints are condyloid joints that allow flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. They are not saddle joints.
C. Carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges
Carpometacarpal joints of the phalanges do not exist. Phalanges articulate with metacarpals, not carpals. This option is anatomically incorrect.
D. Interphalangeal joint of the finger
Interphalangeal joints are hinge joints that allow flexion and extension. They do not have the concave-convex structure of saddle joints.
E. Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is the correct answer. It is a true saddle joint formed between the trapezium and the first metacarpal. It allows a wide range of motion, including opposition, which is essential for grasping.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Intercarpal joints are planar joints that allow gliding movements between the carpal bones. They do not have the saddle-shaped surfaces characteristic of saddle joints.
Choice B reason: Metacarpophalangeal joints are condyloid joints that allow flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. They are not saddle joints.
Choice C reason: Carpometacarpal joints of the phalanges do not exist. Phalanges articulate with metacarpals, not carpals. This option is anatomically incorrect.
Choice D reason: Interphalangeal joints are hinge joints that allow flexion and extension. They do not have the concave-convex structure of saddle joints.
Choice E reason: The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is the correct answer. It is a true saddle joint formed between the trapezium and the first metacarpal. It allows a wide range of motion, including opposition, which is essential for grasping.