Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Plasma proteins contribute to the
A. pressure of the blood.
pressure of the blood: Not primarily—systemic blood pressure is mainly from cardiac output and vascular resistance; proteins contribute minimally.
B. osmotic
osmotic: Plasma proteins (especially albumin) generate colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure that pulls fluid into capillaries.
C. filtration
filtration: They oppose filtration by favoring reabsorption (their oncotic pull counters hydrostatic push).
D. central venous
central venous: CVP reflects blood volume, venous tone, and right heart function, not plasma protein levels directly.
E. hydrostatic
hydrostatic: Hydrostatic pressure is due to fluid column and pumping; proteins affect oncotic, not hydrostatic, pressure.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Anatomy and physiology proctored exam (Ivy college). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. pressure of the blood: Not primarily—systemic blood pressure is mainly from cardiac output and vascular resistance; proteins contribute minimally.
B. osmotic: Plasma proteins (especially albumin) generate colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure that pulls fluid into capillaries.
C. filtration: They oppose filtration by favoring reabsorption (their oncotic pull counters hydrostatic push).
D. central venous: CVP reflects blood volume, venous tone, and right heart function, not plasma protein levels directly.
E. hydrostatic: Hydrostatic pressure is due to fluid column and pumping; proteins affect oncotic, not hydrostatic, pressure.
Similar Questions
Name the innermost layer of an artery wall.
A. Tunica media
Tunica media: Middle layer made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers; not the innermost layer.
B. Tunica externa
Tunica externa: Outermost connective-tissue layer (adventitia) that contains collagen and sometimes vasa vasorum; not the innermost.
C. Endothelium
Endothelium: The simple squamous cell lining that forms the innermost surface (part of the tunica intima).
D. Vasa vasorum
Vasa vasorum: Small blood vessels that supply the walls of large vessels, located in the outer layers; not the innermost.
Full Explanation
A. Tunica media: Middle layer made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers; not the innermost layer.
B. Tunica externa: Outermost connective-tissue layer (adventitia) that contains collagen and sometimes vasa vasorum; not the innermost.
C. Endothelium: The simple squamous cell lining that forms the innermost surface (part of the tunica intima).
D. Vasa vasorum: Small blood vessels that supply the walls of large vessels, located in the outer layers; not the innermost.
When the first heart sound is heard, what is occurring with the heart valves?
A. The AV valves are closing.
The AV valves are closing: This occurs at S₁ (first heart sound) at the start of ventricular systole.
B. The semilunar valves are closing.
The semilunar valves are closing: Semilunar valves close at S₂ (second heart sound), not S₁.
C. The AV valves are opening.
The AV valves are opening: AV valves open during ventricular diastole (filling), not at S₁.
D. The semilunar valves are opening.
The semilunar valves are opening: Semilunar valves open during ventricular ejection (systole) but their opening is not what produces S₁.
Full Explanation
A. The AV valves are closing: This occurs at S₁ (first heart sound) at the start of ventricular systole.
B. The semilunar valves are closing: Semilunar valves close at S₂ (second heart sound), not S₁.
C. The AV valves are opening: AV valves open during ventricular diastole (filling), not at S₁.
D. The semilunar valves are opening: Semilunar valves open during ventricular ejection (systole) but their opening is not what produces S₁.
What factor can increase blood pressure?
A. An increase in parasympathetic stimulation
An increase in parasympathetic stimulation: Parasympathetic activity lowers heart rate and typically reduces BP, so this would not increase BP.
B. A decrease in peripheral resistance
A decrease in peripheral resistance: Lower peripheral resistance reduces BP (BP = CO × PR), so this would decrease BP.
C. An increase in heart rate
An increase in heart rate: Raises cardiac output (if stroke volume is similar), which tends to increase blood pressure.
D. A decrease in stroke volume
A decrease in stroke volume: Lowers cardiac output and therefore tends to decrease BP.
Full Explanation
A. An increase in parasympathetic stimulation: Parasympathetic activity lowers heart rate and typically reduces BP, so this would not increase BP.
B. A decrease in peripheral resistance: Lower peripheral resistance reduces BP (BP = CO × PR), so this would decrease BP.
C. An increase in heart rate: Raises cardiac output (if stroke volume is similar), which tends to increase blood pressure.
D. A decrease in stroke volume: Lowers cardiac output and therefore tends to decrease BP.