Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
The most abundant anion in plasma membranes is:
A. phosphate
Phosphate: Phosphate is mainly found intracellularly.
B. potassium
Potassium: Potassium is a cation, not an anion.
C. calcium
Calcium: Calcium is a cation.
D. chloride
Chloride: Chloride is the most abundant extracellular anion and important in fluid balance.
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Full Explanation
A. Phosphate: Phosphate is mainly found intracellularly.
B. Potassium: Potassium is a cation, not an anion.
C. Calcium: Calcium is a cation.
D. Chloride: Chloride is the most abundant extracellular anion and important in fluid balance.
Similar Questions
The normal proportion of body water in an adult is which percentage of body weight?
A. 75-95%
75–95%: This range is too high for adults; it applies more to infants.
B. 50-70%
50–70%: Adult body water typically comprises about 50–70% of total body weight.
C. greater than 80%
Greater than 80%: This is excessive for an adult body water percentage.
D. 30-40%
30–40%: This is too low for average adults.
Full Explanation
A. 75–95%: This range is too high for adults; it applies more to infants.
B. 50–70%: Adult body water typically comprises about 50–70% of total body weight.
C. Greater than 80%: This is excessive for an adult body water percentage.
D. 30–40%: This is too low for average adults.
Potassium is responsible for:
A. building muscle mass
Building muscle mass: Protein intake and exercise influence muscle building, not potassium directly.
B. maintaining blood glucose levels
Maintaining blood glucose levels: Insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose, not potassium.
C. neuromuscular and cardiac function
Neuromuscular and cardiac function: Potassium is essential for nerve transmission and heart muscle contraction.
D. building bone structure and strength
Building bone structure and strength: Calcium and phosphorus are key for bone health.
Full Explanation
A. Building muscle mass: Protein intake and exercise influence muscle building, not potassium directly.
B. Maintaining blood glucose levels: Insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose, not potassium.
C. Neuromuscular and cardiac function: Potassium is essential for nerve transmission and heart muscle contraction.
D. Building bone structure and strength: Calcium and phosphorus are key for bone health.
The major route of excretion of all electrolytes from the body is via the:
A. skin
Skin: Some electrolytes are lost via sweat, but not the major route.
B. lungs
Lungs: Lungs excrete CO₂ but not most electrolytes.
C. rectum
Rectum: Some are excreted via feces, but the amount is minimal.
D. kidney
Kidney: The kidneys regulate and excrete electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium.
Full Explanation
A. Skin: Some electrolytes are lost via sweat, but not the major route.
B. Lungs: Lungs excrete CO₂ but not most electrolytes.
C. Rectum: Some are excreted via feces, but the amount is minimal.
D. Kidney: The kidneys regulate and excrete electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium.