Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
The nurse is aware that the diagnostic level of a fasting blood glucose for a client with diabetes is:
A. 135 mg/dL of glucose.
A fasting blood glucose level of 135 mg/dL is above the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. However, it is not the exact threshold value.
B. 140 mg/dL of glucose.
A fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is significantly above the diagnostic threshold for diabetes.
C. 126 mg/dL of glucose.
A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes.
D. 145 mg/dL of glucose.
A fasting blood glucose level of 145 mg/dL is significantly above the diagnostic threshold for diabetes.
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Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 135 mg/dL is above the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. However, it is not the exact threshold value.
Choice B rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is significantly above the diagnostic threshold for diabetes.
Choice C rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes.
Choice D rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 145 mg/dL is significantly above the diagnostic threshold for diabetes.
Similar Questions
The client newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes is to be discharged in the morning and has received no instruction on diabetes.
What should be the nurse’s teaching priority?
A. The recommended diabetic diet.
While understanding the recommended diabetic diet is important for managing type 1 diabetes, it is not the immediate priority for a client who has received no instruction on diabetes management. Without insulin, a person with type 1 diabetes can develop life- threatening diabetic ketoacidosis, regardless of their diet.
B. Administration of insulin.
Administration of insulin is the immediate priority for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Without insulin, blood sugar levels can become dangerously high, leading to diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious condition that requires emergency medical treatment.
C. Importance of exercise.
While exercise is an important part of managing diabetes, it is not the immediate priority for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes who has received no instruction on diabetes management. Exercise can help regulate blood sugar levels, but without insulin, exercise alone is not sufficient to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis.
D. Urine testing for ketones.
Urine testing for ketones is an important part of managing type 1 diabetes, especially during illness or stress, when ketone levels can rise quickly. However, it is not the immediate priority for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes who has received no instruction on diabetes management.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
While understanding the recommended diabetic diet is important for managing type 1 diabetes, it is not the immediate priority for a client who has received no instruction on diabetes management. Without insulin, a person with type 1 diabetes can develop life- threatening diabetic ketoacidosis, regardless of their diet.
Choice B rationale
Administration of insulin is the immediate priority for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Without insulin, blood sugar levels can become dangerously high, leading to diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious condition that requires emergency medical treatment.
Choice C rationale
While exercise is an important part of managing diabetes, it is not the immediate priority for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes who has received no instruction on diabetes management. Exercise can help regulate blood sugar levels, but without insulin, exercise alone is not sufficient to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis.
Choice D rationale
Urine testing for ketones is an important part of managing type 1 diabetes, especially during illness or stress, when ketone levels can rise quickly. However, it is not the immediate priority for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes who has received no instruction on diabetes management.
The client, on an intensified insulin regimen, consistently has a fasting blood glucose between 70 and 80 mg/dL, a postprandial blood glucose level below 200 mg/dL, and a hemoglobin A1c level of 5.5%. What is the nurse’s interpretation of these findings?
A. The client is at increased risk for developing hypoglycemia.
The client’s fasting blood glucose level, postprandial blood glucose level, and hemoglobin A1c level are all within the target range for good blood glucose control in diabetes. Therefore, the client is not at an increased risk for developing hypoglycemia.
B. The client is demonstrating signs of insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. The client’s blood glucose levels are well controlled, which suggests that the client’s insulin regimen is effective, not that the client is demonstrating signs of insulin resistance.
C. The client is demonstrating good control of blood glucose.
The client’s fasting blood glucose level, postprandial blood glucose level, and hemoglobin A1c level are all within the target range for good blood glucose control in diabetes. Therefore, the client is demonstrating good control of blood glucose.
D. The client is at increased risk for developing hyperglycemia.
The client’s fasting blood glucose level, postprandial blood glucose level, and hemoglobin A1c level are all within the target range for good blood glucose control in diabetes. Therefore, the client is not at an increased risk for developing hyperglycemia.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
The client’s fasting blood glucose level, postprandial blood glucose level, and hemoglobin A1c level are all within the target range for good blood glucose control in diabetes. Therefore, the client is not at an increased risk for developing hypoglycemia.
Choice B rationale
Insulin resistance is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. The client’s blood glucose levels are well controlled, which suggests that the client’s insulin regimen is effective, not that the client is demonstrating signs of insulin resistance.
Choice C rationale
The client’s fasting blood glucose level, postprandial blood glucose level, and hemoglobin A1c level are all within the target range for good blood glucose control in diabetes. Therefore, the client is demonstrating good control of blood glucose.
Choice D rationale
The client’s fasting blood glucose level, postprandial blood glucose level, and hemoglobin A1c level are all within the target range for good blood glucose control in diabetes. Therefore, the client is not at an increased risk for developing hyperglycemia.
A patient with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) consumes 15 TUMS antacid tablets daily. What risk does the nurse understand this patient is facing?
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
Consuming excessive amounts of antacids, such as TUMS, can lead to metabolic alkalosis. Antacids contain bicarbonate, which can neutralize stomach acid. However, excessive bicarbonate in the body can disrupt the acid-base balance, leading to metabolic alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is typically caused by conditions that result in hypoventilation, such as lung diseases or drug overdose, not by excessive antacid consumption.
C. Metabolic acidosis.
Metabolic acidosis is typically caused by conditions that increase acid in the body or decrease bicarbonate, such as kidney disease or lactic acidosis, not by excessive antacid consumption.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by conditions that result in hyperventilation, such as anxiety or fever, not by excessive antacid consumption.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
Consuming excessive amounts of antacids, such as TUMS, can lead to metabolic alkalosis. Antacids contain bicarbonate, which can neutralize stomach acid. However, excessive bicarbonate in the body can disrupt the acid-base balance, leading to metabolic alkalosis.
Choice B rationale
Respiratory acidosis is typically caused by conditions that result in hypoventilation, such as lung diseases or drug overdose, not by excessive antacid consumption.
Choice C rationale
Metabolic acidosis is typically caused by conditions that increase acid in the body or decrease bicarbonate, such as kidney disease or lactic acidosis, not by excessive antacid consumption.
Choice D rationale
Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by conditions that result in hyperventilation, such as anxiety or fever, not by excessive antacid consumption.