Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
What is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis?
A. Treatments are done in hospitals.
Treatments are done in hospitals is incorrect because peritoneal dialysis is typically performed at home, not exclusively in hospitals. Home-based treatment is one of its key distinctions from hemodialysis.
B. Protein loss is less extensive
Protein loss is less extensive is incorrect because peritoneal dialysis is associated with greater protein loss compared with hemodialysis due to protein leakage across the peritoneal membrane.
C. Parents and older children can perform treatments.
Parents and older children can perform treatments is correct because peritoneal dialysis can be done at home after proper training. This allows greater independence, flexibility, and a more normal lifestyle for children and families.
D. Dietary limitations are not necessary.
Dietary limitations are not necessary is incorrect because dietary and fluid restrictions are still required with peritoneal dialysis, although they may be less strict than with hemodialysis.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati dmmsn 650 OB/Pediatrics Proctored Exams. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Treatments are done in hospitals is incorrect because peritoneal dialysis is typically performed at home, not exclusively in hospitals. Home-based treatment is one of its key distinctions from hemodialysis.
B. Protein loss is less extensive is incorrect because peritoneal dialysis is associated with greater protein loss compared with hemodialysis due to protein leakage across the peritoneal membrane.
C. Parents and older children can perform treatments is correct because peritoneal dialysis can be done at home after proper training. This allows greater independence, flexibility, and a more normal lifestyle for children and families.
D. Dietary limitations are not necessary is incorrect because dietary and fluid restrictions are still required with peritoneal dialysis, although they may be less strict than with hemodialysis.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a 4-month-old infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who is thriving and showing no complications. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to minimize reflux episodes?
A. Give larger, less frequent feedings.
Give larger, less frequent feedings is incorrect because large-volume feedings increase gastric distention and can worsen reflux. Smaller, more frequent feedings are preferred.
B. Thicken the infant's formula with rice cereal.
Thicken the infant's formula with rice cereal is correct because thickened feedings help reduce the frequency of reflux episodes by making gastric contents heavier and less likely to reflux into the esophagus. This is a common first-line, noninvasive intervention for infants with uncomplicated GERD who are thriving.
C. Administer continuous nasogastric tube feedings.
Administer continuous nasogastric tube feedings is incorrect because this intervention is reserved for severe cases or infants who are not thriving. It is unnecessary for an infant with mild, uncomplicated GERD.
D. Place the infant in the Trendelenburg position after feeding
Place the infant in the Trendelenburg position after feeding is incorrect because this position increases the risk of reflux and aspiration by placing the head lower than the stomach. Infants should be kept upright after feedings.
Full Explanation
A. Give larger, less frequent feedings is incorrect because large-volume feedings increase gastric distention and can worsen reflux. Smaller, more frequent feedings are preferred.
B. Thicken the infant's formula with rice cereal is correct because thickened feedings help reduce the frequency of reflux episodes by making gastric contents heavier and less likely to reflux into the esophagus. This is a common first-line, noninvasive intervention for infants with uncomplicated GERD who are thriving.
C. Administer continuous nasogastric tube feedings is incorrect because this intervention is reserved for severe cases or infants who are not thriving. It is unnecessary for an infant with mild, uncomplicated GERD.
D. Place the infant in the Trendelenburg position after feeding is incorrect because this position increases the risk of reflux and aspiration by placing the head lower than the stomach. Infants should be kept upright after feedings.
A 4-year-old child is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe?
A. Massive proteinuria and generalized edema
Massive proteinuria and generalized edema is correct because nephrotic syndrome results from increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. This allows large amounts of protein, especially albumin, to be lost in the urine (proteinuria). The loss of albumin leads to hypoalbuminemia, which reduces plasma oncotic pressure. As a result, fluid shifts from the intravascular space into the interstitial tissues, causing generalized edema. Edema is often most noticeable around the eyes (periorbital edema), abdomen (ascites), and lower extremities. Additional associated findings may include hyperlipidemia and lipiduria due to the liver’s increased production of lipids in response to protein loss.
B. Hematuria and flank pain
Hematuria and flank pain is incorrect because these findings are more characteristic of nephritic syndromes such as acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Nephrotic syndrome typically does not present with significant hematuria or flank pain; instead, protein loss and edema are the dominant features.
C. Polyuria and polydipsia
Polyuria and polydipsia is incorrect because these symptoms are commonly associated with endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. In nephrotic syndrome, urine output may actually decrease due to fluid shifting into tissues and activation of fluid-retaining mechanisms.
D. Hyperactive reflexes and muscle spasms
Hyperactive reflexes and muscle spasms is incorrect because these signs are indicative of electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia. While electrolyte disturbances can occur in kidney disorders, they are not defining or expected hallmark findings of nephrotic syndrome.
Full Explanation
A. Massive proteinuria and generalized edema is correct because nephrotic syndrome results from increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. This allows large amounts of protein, especially albumin, to be lost in the urine (proteinuria). The loss of albumin leads to hypoalbuminemia, which reduces plasma oncotic pressure. As a result, fluid shifts from the intravascular space into the interstitial tissues, causing generalized edema. Edema is often most noticeable around the eyes (periorbital edema), abdomen (ascites), and lower extremities. Additional associated findings may include hyperlipidemia and lipiduria due to the liver’s increased production of lipids in response to protein loss.
B. Hematuria and flank pain is incorrect because these findings are more characteristic of nephritic syndromes such as acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Nephrotic syndrome typically does not present with significant hematuria or flank pain; instead, protein loss and edema are the dominant features.
C. Polyuria and polydipsia is incorrect because these symptoms are commonly associated with endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. In nephrotic syndrome, urine output may actually decrease due to fluid shifting into tissues and activation of fluid-retaining mechanisms.
D. Hyperactive reflexes and muscle spasms is incorrect because these signs are indicative of electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia. While electrolyte disturbances can occur in kidney disorders, they are not defining or expected hallmark findings of nephrotic syndrome.
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
A. Expression of bedtime fears is common.
Expression of bedtime fears is common is correct because toddlers commonly experience fears related to separation, darkness, or unfamiliar situations. These fears are a normal part of emotional and cognitive development and should be addressed with reassurance and consistent routines.
B. Importance of annual screenings for phenylketonuria.
Importance of annual screenings for phenylketonuria is incorrect because PKU screening is performed at birth through newborn screening. Routine annual screening is not part of anticipatory guidance for toddlers.
C. Develop food habits that will prevent dental caries.
Develop food habits that will prevent dental caries is correct because toddlers are at increased risk for dental caries. Guidance should include limiting sugary foods and drinks, avoiding bedtime bottles with milk or juice, and promoting good oral hygiene habits.
D. Significance of potty training by 18 months.
Significance of potty training by 18 months is incorrect because readiness for toilet training varies widely. Most toddlers are not developmentally ready until 18–24 months or later, and forcing early training can lead to frustration and setbacks.
E. Behaviors associated with negativism and ritualism.
Full Explanation
A. Expression of bedtime fears is common is correct because toddlers commonly experience fears related to separation, darkness, or unfamiliar situations. These fears are a normal part of emotional and cognitive development and should be addressed with reassurance and consistent routines.
B. Importance of annual screenings for phenylketonuria is incorrect because PKU screening is performed at birth through newborn screening. Routine annual screening is not part of anticipatory guidance for toddlers.
C. Develop food habits that will prevent dental caries is correct because toddlers are at increased risk for dental caries. Guidance should include limiting sugary foods and drinks, avoiding bedtime bottles with milk or juice, and promoting good oral hygiene habits.
D. Significance of potty training by 18 months is incorrect because readiness for toilet training varies widely. Most toddlers are not developmentally ready until 18–24 months or later, and forcing early training can lead to frustration and setbacks.