Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the layers of the alimentary canal from the most visceral (deep) to the most superficial (surface)?
A. Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa
Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa: This is out of order -muscularis externa is deeper than serosa but more superficial than the mucosa, so this ordering is incorrect.
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: The mucosa (deepest layer lining the lumen) → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa (outermost) is the correct sequence from deep to superficial .
C. Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa: This lists the layers from superficial to deep (reverse of what the question asked), so incorrect for deep to superficial.
D. Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: This places submucosa deeper than mucosa (wrong); incorrect order.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II PROCTORED EXAM (ARIZONA COLLEGE). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa: This is out of order -muscularis externa is deeper than serosa but more superficial than the mucosa, so this ordering is incorrect.
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: The mucosa (deepest layer lining the lumen) → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa (outermost) is the correct sequence from deep to superficial .
C. Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa: This lists the layers from superficial to deep (reverse of what the question asked), so incorrect for deep to superficial.
D. Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: This places submucosa deeper than mucosa (wrong); incorrect order.
Similar Questions
An instructor is reviewing the physiology of the female reproductive system with a group of students. In discussing the uterine anatomy, the instructor emphasizes the role of the myometrium. Which statement accurately reflects a function of the uterine myometrium?
A. Responsible for uterine contractions
Responsible for uterine contractions: The myometrium is the thick middle layer of uterine smooth muscle and is the contractile layer responsible for rhythmic uterine contractions (e.g., labor, Braxton–Hicks) .
B. Primary support for the uterus
Primary support for the uterus: Structural support of the uterus is provided mainly by pelvic ligaments and pelvic floor muscles; this is not the primary role of the myometrium.
C. Thickens in response to estrogen
Thickens in response to estrogen: The endometrium (the mucosal lining) thickens cyclically in response to estrogen; the myometrium undergoes hypertrophy in pregnancy but is not the layer described by cyclic thickening of the uterine lining.
D. Covers the exterior portion of the uterus
Covers the exterior portion of the uterus: The outer covering of the uterus is the perimetrium (serosa), not the myometrium.
Full Explanation
A. Responsible for uterine contractions: The myometrium is the thick middle layer of uterine smooth muscle and is the contractile layer responsible for rhythmic uterine contractions (e.g., labor, Braxton–Hicks) .
B. Primary support for the uterus: Structural support of the uterus is provided mainly by pelvic ligaments and pelvic floor muscles; this is not the primary role of the myometrium.
C. Thickens in response to estrogen: The endometrium (the mucosal lining) thickens cyclically in response to estrogen; the myometrium undergoes hypertrophy in pregnancy but is not the layer described by cyclic thickening of the uterine lining.
D. Covers the exterior portion of the uterus: The outer covering of the uterus is the perimetrium (serosa), not the myometrium.
The urinary system contributes to homeostasis through several roles which include: (Select all that apply)
A. Final synthesis step of vitamin K production
Final synthesis step of vitamin K production: The final (and major) synthesis of vitamin K is by gut bacteria and liver processes; the urinary system (kidneys) is not the final synthesis site for vitamin K .
B. Filters the blood, removing wastes
Filters the blood, removing wastes: The kidneys filter blood plasma (glomerular filtration) to remove metabolic wastes and excess substances .
C. Regulates the pH of the body
Regulates the pH of the body: The kidneys conserve or excrete H⁺ and bicarbonate and so play a central role in acid–base balance .
D. Excretion of wastes
Excretion of wastes: By forming urine and eliminating nitrogenous wastes and excess electrolytes/fluid, the urinary system excretes metabolic wastes .
Full Explanation
A. Final synthesis step of vitamin K production: The final (and major) synthesis of vitamin K is by gut bacteria and liver processes; the urinary system (kidneys) is not the final synthesis site for vitamin K .
B. Filters the blood, removing wastes: The kidneys filter blood plasma (glomerular filtration) to remove metabolic wastes and excess substances .
C. Regulates the pH of the body: The kidneys conserve or excrete H⁺ and bicarbonate and so play a central role in acid–base balance .
D. Excretion of wastes: By forming urine and eliminating nitrogenous wastes and excess electrolytes/fluid, the urinary system excretes metabolic wastes .
Select the structures that are part of the larynx. (Select all that apply)
A. Vocal cords
Vocal cords: The vocal cords (vocal folds) are mucosal folds that lie within the larynx and produce sound when they vibrate
B. Thyroid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage: The thyroid cartilage is the largest laryngeal cartilage (forms the “Adam’s apple”) and provides structural support to the larynx
C. Cricoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage: The cricoid cartilage is a complete ring of cartilage inferior to the thyroid cartilage that forms part of the laryngeal skeleton
D. Laryngopharynx
Laryngopharynx: The laryngopharynx is the lower part of the pharynx (shared passageway for food and air) that lies posterior to the larynx; it is pharyngeal tissue, not a structural component of the larynx itself
E. Epiglottis
Epiglottis: The epiglottis is a flap of elastic cartilage attached to the entrance of the larynx that prevents aspiration during swallowing
F. C- rings
C-rings: “C-rings” typically refer to the incomplete C-shaped cartilaginous rings of the trachea, not the larynx
Full Explanation
A. Vocal cords: The vocal cords (vocal folds) are mucosal folds that lie within the larynx and produce sound when they vibrate
B. Thyroid cartilage: The thyroid cartilage is the largest laryngeal cartilage (forms the “Adam’s apple”) and provides structural support to the larynx
C. Cricoid cartilage: The cricoid cartilage is a complete ring of cartilage inferior to the thyroid cartilage that forms part of the laryngeal skeleton
D. Laryngopharynx: The laryngopharynx is the lower part of the pharynx (shared passageway for food and air) that lies posterior to the larynx; it is pharyngeal tissue, not a structural component of the larynx itself
E. Epiglottis: The epiglottis is a flap of elastic cartilage attached to the entrance of the larynx that prevents aspiration during swallowing
F. C-rings: “C-rings” typically refer to the incomplete C-shaped cartilaginous rings of the trachea, not the larynx