Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Which of the following would cause the amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin to be increased?
A. Increased blood pH
Increased blood pH: increased pH (alkalosis) shifts the oxyhemoglobin curve left, increasing Hb–O₂ affinity and decreasing O₂ release.
B. Decreased body temperature
Decreased body temperature: lower temperature shifts the curve left (higher affinity), reducing O₂ release.
C. Increased blood PC02
Increased blood PCO₂: higher PCO₂ (and associated lower pH) shifts the curve right (Bohr effect), reducing hemoglobin affinity and increasing O₂ release to tissues.
D. Decreased blood PCO2
Decreased blood PCO₂: lower PCO₂ shifts the curve left, increasing affinity and decreasing O₂ release.
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Full Explanation
A. Increased blood pH: increased pH (alkalosis) shifts the oxyhemoglobin curve left, increasing Hb–O₂ affinity and decreasing O₂ release.
B. Decreased body temperature: lower temperature shifts the curve left (higher affinity), reducing O₂ release.
C. Increased blood PCO₂: higher PCO₂ (and associated lower pH) shifts the curve right (Bohr effect), reducing hemoglobin affinity and increasing O₂ release to tissues.
D. Decreased blood PCO₂: lower PCO₂ shifts the curve left, increasing affinity and decreasing O₂ release.
Similar Questions
Differentiate between type I and type II cells of the lungs.
A. The type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells will give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle cells.
The type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells will give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle cells: type I cells do not secrete surfactant, and type II cells do not give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle.
B. The type I cells form alveolar walls and the type II cells secrete surfactant.
The type I cells form alveolar walls and the type II cells secrete surfactant: type I pneumocytes are thin squamous cells forming most of the alveolar surface for gas exchange; type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant and can proliferate/differentiate into type I cells.
C. Both type I and type Il cells produce surfactant.
Both type I and type II cells produce surfactant: only type II pneumocytes produce surfactant; type I do not.
D. The type I cells produce cartilage for larger airways and the type II cells give rise to the ciliated cells lining the trachea.
The type I cells produce cartilage for larger airways and the type II cells give rise to the ciliated cells lining the trachea: neither pneumocyte type produces cartilage or airway ciliated cells; those are separate tissues/cell lineages.
Full Explanation
A. The type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells will give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle cells: type I cells do not secrete surfactant, and type II cells do not give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle.
B. The type I cells form alveolar walls and the type II cells secrete surfactant: type I pneumocytes are thin squamous cells forming most of the alveolar surface for gas exchange; type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant and can proliferate/differentiate into type I cells.
C. Both type I and type II cells produce surfactant: only type II pneumocytes produce surfactant; type I do not.
D. The type I cells produce cartilage for larger airways and the type II cells give rise to the ciliated cells lining the trachea: neither pneumocyte type produces cartilage or airway ciliated cells; those are separate tissues/cell lineages.
Which of the following processes produces ATP?
A. cellular respiration
Cellular respiration: Cellular respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation) produces ATP
B. external respiration
External respiration: External respiration is gas exchange between lungs and blood, not the ATP-producing biochemical process
C. ventilation
Ventilation: Ventilation (breathing) moves air in/out of lungs but does not itself synthesize ATP
D. internal respiration
Internal respiration: Internal respiration is gas exchange between blood and tissues, not the intracellular ATP-producing pathways
Full Explanation
A. Cellular respiration: Cellular respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation) produces ATP
B. External respiration: External respiration is gas exchange between lungs and blood, not the ATP-producing biochemical process
C. Ventilation: Ventilation (breathing) moves air in/out of lungs but does not itself synthesize ATP
D. Internal respiration: Internal respiration is gas exchange between blood and tissues, not the intracellular ATP-producing pathways
The three major cartilages of the larynx include the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and the
Full Explanation
A. Glottal: The glottis refers to the vocal apparatus/opening, not a cartilage
B. Tracheal: Tracheal cartilage are rings of the trachea, not one of the three major laryngeal cartilages
C. Epiglottal: The epiglottic (epiglottal) cartilage forms the epiglottis, and along with thyroid and cricoid cartilages is considered a major laryngeal cartilage -correct (choice corresponds to epiglottic cartilage).
D. Hyoidal: The hyoid is a bone (not one of the larynx’s three major cartilages) that supports the larynx