Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about risk factors for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Which of the following information should the nurse include?
A. Exposure to radiation
Exposure to radiation - Exposure to high levels of radiation is a known risk factor for developing CML. Historical data, such as from atomic bomb survivors, show a higher incidence of leukemia, including CML, among those exposed to radiation.
B. Family history
Family history - CML is generally not associated with a significant familial risk. It is more commonly linked to acquired genetic mutations rather than inherited predispositions.
C. Another type of cancer
Another type of cancer - Having another type of cancer does not directly increase the risk of developing CML. However, treatments for other cancers, like radiation therapy, might increase risk.
D. Genetic mutation
Genetic mutation - The development of CML is associated with a specific acquired genetic mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome (translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22), rather than inherited genetic mutations.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - ATI 410 Med Surg Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Exposure to radiation - Exposure to high levels of radiation is a known risk factor for developing CML. Historical data, such as from atomic bomb survivors, show a higher incidence of leukemia, including CML, among those exposed to radiation.
B. Family history - CML is generally not associated with a significant familial risk. It is more commonly linked to acquired genetic mutations rather than inherited predispositions.
C. Another type of cancer - Having another type of cancer does not directly increase the risk of developing CML. However, treatments for other cancers, like radiation therapy, might increase risk.
D. Genetic mutation - The development of CML is associated with a specific acquired genetic mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome (translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22), rather than inherited genetic mutations.
Similar Questions
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who has extensive partial and full-thickness burns of the head, neck, and chest. While planning the client's care, the nurse should identify which of the following risks as the priority for assessment and intervention?
A. Airway obstruction
Airway obstruction - Burns on the head, neck, and chest pose a high risk for airway obstruction due to swelling and potential inhalation injury. Ensuring a patent airway is the priority as it is critical for oxygenation and survival.
B. Paralytic ileus
Paralytic ileus - While possible, a paralytic ileus is not an immediate life-threatening condition compared to airway obstruction.
C. infection
Infection - Infection is a significant concern in burn patients, but it is a secondary priority after securing the airway.
D. Fluid imbalance
Fluid imbalance - Fluid management is crucial in burn care, but securing the airway takes precedence due to the immediate risk to life from airway obstruction.
Full Explanation
A. Airway obstruction - Burns on the head, neck, and chest pose a high risk for airway obstruction due to swelling and potential inhalation injury. Ensuring a patent airway is the priority as it is critical for oxygenation and survival.
B. Paralytic ileus - While possible, a paralytic ileus is not an immediate life-threatening condition compared to airway obstruction.
C. Infection - Infection is a significant concern in burn patients, but it is a secondary priority after securing the airway.
D. Fluid imbalance - Fluid management is crucial in burn care, but securing the airway takes precedence due to the immediate risk to life from airway obstruction.
A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.]
A. increased heart rate
Increased heart rate - Tachycardia can occur as the heart compensates for increased blood volume and the need to maintain effective circulation.
B. Increase hematocrit
Increased hematocrit - Hematocrit usually decreases in fluid overload because the increased plasma volume dilutes the red blood cells.
C. increased blood pressure
Increased blood pressure - Excess fluid volume often leads to hypertension as there is more fluid for the heart to pump, increasing vascular resistance.
D. Increased temperature
Increased temperature - Temperature is not directly affected by fluid overload; fever or changes in temperature are more likely related to infection or other inflammatory responses.
E. increased respiratory rate
Increased respiratory rate - Fluid overload can cause pulmonary congestion and decreased oxygenation, leading to increased respiratory effort to maintain adequate oxygen levels.
Full Explanation
A. Increased heart rate - Tachycardia can occur as the heart compensates for increased blood volume and the need to maintain effective circulation.
B. Increased hematocrit - Hematocrit usually decreases in fluid overload because the increased plasma volume dilutes the red blood cells.
C. Increased blood pressure - Excess fluid volume often leads to hypertension as there is more fluid for the heart to pump, increasing vascular resistance.
D. Increased temperature - Temperature is not directly affected by fluid overload; fever or changes in temperature are more likely related to infection or other inflammatory responses.
E. Increased respiratory rate - Fluid overload can cause pulmonary congestion and decreased oxygenation, leading to increased respiratory effort to maintain adequate oxygen levels.
A nurse is caring for a client who has myelosuppression after receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
A. Anorexia and malnutrition
Anorexia and malnutrition - While these may occur due to chemotherapy, they are not directly caused by myelosuppression.
B. Diarrhea and dehydration
Diarrhea and dehydration - These symptoms might be side effects of chemotherapy but are not specific to myelosuppression.
C. Bleeding from the gums
Bleeding from the gums - Myelosuppression can lead to thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), increasing the risk of bleeding, including from gums and other mucous membranes.
D. Full body alopecia
Full body alopecia - Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy but is not related to myelosuppression.
Full Explanation
A. Anorexia and malnutrition - While these may occur due to chemotherapy, they are not directly caused by myelosuppression.
B. Diarrhea and dehydration - These symptoms might be side effects of chemotherapy but are not specific to myelosuppression.
C. Bleeding from the gums - Myelosuppression can lead to thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), increasing the risk of bleeding, including from gums and other mucous membranes.
D. Full body alopecia - Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy but is not related to myelosuppression.