Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A client is to begin a 6-month course of therapy with isoniazid. The nurse should plan to provide which information to the client?
A. Avoid vitamin supplements during therapy.
Avoid vitamin supplements during therapy: This is not generally advised for isoniazid therapy. In fact, vitamin B6 supplements are often recommended to prevent peripheral neuropathy caused by isoniazid.
B. Drink alcohol in small amounts only.
Drink alcohol in small amounts only: Alcohol can increase the risk of liver toxicity when taking isoniazid. It is typically advised to avoid alcohol altogether during treatment.
C. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately.
Report yellow eyes or skin immediately: Isoniazid can cause liver toxicity, which can lead to jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin). This is a serious side effect and should be reported immediately to prevent further liver damage.
D. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses.
Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses: This recommendation is not related to isoniazid therapy. Aged cheeses are more relevant to patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to tyramine content.
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Full Explanation
A. Avoid vitamin supplements during therapy: This is not generally advised for isoniazid therapy. In fact, vitamin B6 supplements are often recommended to prevent peripheral neuropathy caused by isoniazid.
B. Drink alcohol in small amounts only: Alcohol can increase the risk of liver toxicity when taking isoniazid. It is typically advised to avoid alcohol altogether during treatment.
C. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately: Isoniazid can cause liver toxicity, which can lead to jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin). This is a serious side effect and should be reported immediately to prevent further liver damage.
D. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses: This recommendation is not related to isoniazid therapy. Aged cheeses are more relevant to patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to tyramine content.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?
A. Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus.
Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus: Bronchospasm in asthma is characterized by inflammation of the airways, edema of the airway walls, and increased mucus production, leading to constriction and obstruction of the airways.
B. Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction.
Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction: In asthma, bronchospasm is associated with increased mucus production, not decreased. Excess mucus contributes to airway obstruction.
C. Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter.
Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter: Inflammation typically increases airway constriction rather than reducing it. The narrowed airway diameter is a result of inflammation, not a reduction in inflammation.
D. Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus.
Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus: Airway obstruction in asthma is due to thick, tenacious mucus, not thinning mucus. The mucus contributes to the blockage of the airways.
Full Explanation
A. Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus: Bronchospasm in asthma is characterized by inflammation of the airways, edema of the airway walls, and increased mucus production, leading to constriction and obstruction of the airways.
B. Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction: In asthma, bronchospasm is associated with increased mucus production, not decreased. Excess mucus contributes to airway obstruction.
C. Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter: Inflammation typically increases airway constriction rather than reducing it. The narrowed airway diameter is a result of inflammation, not a reduction in inflammation.
D. Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus: Airway obstruction in asthma is due to thick, tenacious mucus, not thinning mucus. The mucus contributes to the blockage of the airways.
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypernatremia and is receiving intravenous (IV) hypotonic fluid replacement. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse understand is an indication of an adverse effect from the administration of hypotonic fluids?
A. The client has developed confusion.
The client has developed confusion: Hypotonic fluids can cause a rapid shift of water into cells, potentially leading to cerebral edema. This can manifest as confusion or altered mental status, which is a serious adverse effect requiring immediate attention.
B. The client's serum sodium is 140 mEq/L (135 to 145 mEq/L).
The client's serum sodium is 140 mEq/L (135 to 145 mEq/L): A serum sodium level within the normal range indicates that the hypotonic fluid therapy is likely effective in correcting hypernatremia, and does not suggest an adverse effect.
C. The client has a positive Chvostek's sign.
The client has a positive Chvostek's sign: A positive Chvostek's sign is indicative of hypocalcemia rather than an adverse effect of hypotonic fluid administration. This sign is related to low calcium levels and is not a direct result of hypotonic fluid therapy.
D. The client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 18 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL).
The client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 18 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL): This BUN level is within normal limits and does not suggest an adverse effect of hypotonic fluid therapy. BUN levels can be affected by various factors, but this value alone is not indicative of an adverse reaction.
Full Explanation
A. The client has developed confusion: Hypotonic fluids can cause a rapid shift of water into cells, potentially leading to cerebral edema. This can manifest as confusion or altered mental status, which is a serious adverse effect requiring immediate attention.
B. The client's serum sodium is 140 mEq/L (135 to 145 mEq/L): A serum sodium level within the normal range indicates that the hypotonic fluid therapy is likely effective in correcting hypernatremia, and does not suggest an adverse effect.
C. The client has a positive Chvostek's sign: A positive Chvostek's sign is indicative of hypocalcemia rather than an adverse effect of hypotonic fluid administration. This sign is related to low calcium levels and is not a direct result of hypotonic fluid therapy.
D. The client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 18 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL): This BUN level is within normal limits and does not suggest an adverse effect of hypotonic fluid therapy. BUN levels can be affected by various factors, but this value alone is not indicative of an adverse reaction.
Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? (Select all that apply.)
A. Dyspnea
Dyspnea: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing is a hallmark symptom of COPD, commonly reported by patients.
B. Chronic cough
Chronic cough: A persistent cough, often productive, is a common manifestation of COPD, reflecting the chronic inflammation and irritation of the airways.
C. Wheezing
Wheezing: Wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, is often present in COPD due to airway narrowing and obstruction.
D. Sputum production
Sputum production: Increased production of sputum (mucus) is typical in COPD, as the chronic inflammation leads to mucus hypersecretion.
E. Chest tightness
Chest tightness: While chest tightness can occur in COPD, it is less common compared to the more prominent symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing, and sputum production.
Full Explanation
A. Dyspnea: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing is a hallmark symptom of COPD, commonly reported by patients.
B. Chronic cough: A persistent cough, often productive, is a common manifestation of COPD, reflecting the chronic inflammation and irritation of the airways.
C. Wheezing: Wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, is often present in COPD due to airway narrowing and obstruction.
D. Sputum production: Increased production of sputum (mucus) is typical in COPD, as the chronic inflammation leads to mucus hypersecretion.
E. Chest tightness: While chest tightness can occur in COPD, it is less common compared to the more prominent symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing, and sputum production.