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NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is assessing a child who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Decreased respiratory rate
Decreased respiratory rate: AKI typically does not directly affect respiratory rate. Respiratory rate is more closely related to lung function and oxygenation status rather than kidney function.
B. Polyuria
Polyuria: This is an incorrect option. Polyuria, or increased urine output, is not typically seen in acute kidney injury. In fact, oliguria (decreased urine output) or anuria (absence of urine output) are more common in AKI due to decreased kidney function.
C. Hyperactivity
Hyperactivity: AKI does not typically cause hyperactivity. In fact, children with AKI may appear lethargic or fatigued due to the buildup of waste products in their bodies and electrolyte imbalances.
D. Edema
Edema: This is the correct option. Edema, or swelling due to fluid retention, is a common clinical manifestation of AKI. When the kidneys are unable to adequately filter and excrete excess fluid from the body, fluid accumulates in the tissues, leading to edema. Edema may be particularly noticeable in the face, hands, feet, or around the eyes.
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Full Explanation
A. Decreased respiratory rate: AKI typically does not directly affect respiratory rate. Respiratory rate is more closely related to lung function and oxygenation status rather than kidney function.
B. Polyuria: This is an incorrect option. Polyuria, or increased urine output, is not typically seen in acute kidney injury. In fact, oliguria (decreased urine output) or anuria (absence of urine output) are more common in AKI due to decreased kidney function.
C. Hyperactivity: AKI does not typically cause hyperactivity. In fact, children with AKI may appear lethargic or fatigued due to the buildup of waste products in their bodies and electrolyte imbalances.
D. Edema: This is the correct option. Edema, or swelling due to fluid retention, is a common clinical manifestation of AKI. When the kidneys are unable to adequately filter and excrete excess fluid from the body, fluid accumulates in the tissues, leading to edema. Edema may be particularly noticeable in the face, hands, feet, or around the eyes.
Similar Questions
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a school-age child who has pediculosis capitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Seal nonwashable items in a plastic bag for 2 days."
"Seal nonwashable items in a plastic bag for 2 days."This instruction is incorrect. Items that cannot be laundered may be dry-cleaned or sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks.
B. "Soak hair brushes in boiling water for 10 minutes."
"Soak hair brushes in boiling water for 10 minutes." This is correct. According to CDC, combs and brushes should be soaked in hot water (at least 130 degrees fahrenheit) to help avoid re-infestation.
C. "Apply permethrin 1 percent cream rinse every day for 5 days."
"Apply permethrin 1 percent cream rinse every day for 5 days." This instruction is incorrect. Permethrin 1 percent cream rinse is a medication used to treat head lice infestations, but it is typically applied only once and then rinsed out after a specified period of time (usually 10 minutes). Repeated daily application for five days is not recommended and may lead to unnecessary exposure to the medication.
D. "After washing bed linens, place them in a dryer on a cool setting for 30 minutes."
"After washing bed linens, place them in a dryer on a cool setting for 30 minutes."This instruction is incorrect. To effectively kill lice and nits on bed linens, they should be washed in hot water (at least 130°F or 54°C) and then dried on a hot setting in the dryer. A cool setting may not be sufficient to kill lice and nits.
Full Explanation
A. "Seal nonwashable items in a plastic bag for 2 days."
This instruction is incorrect. Items that cannot be laundered may be dry-cleaned or sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks
B. "Soak hair brushes in boiling water for 10 minutes." This is correct. According to CDC, combs and brushes should be soaked in hot water (at least 130 degrees fahrenheit) to help avoid re-infestation.
C. "Apply permethrin 1 percent cream rinse every day for 5 days."
This instruction is incorrect. Permethrin 1 percent cream rinse is a medication used to treat head lice infestations, but it is typically applied only once and then rinsed out after a specified period of time (usually 10 minutes). Repeated daily application for five days is not recommended and may lead to unnecessary exposure to the medication.
D. "After washing bed linens, place them in a dryer on a cool setting for 30 minutes."
This instruction is incorrect. To effectively kill lice and nits on bed linens, they should be washed in hot water (at least 130°F or 54°C) and then dried on a hot setting in the dryer. A cool setting may not be sufficient to kill lice and nits.
A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse not report to the provider?
A. The infant does not exhibit fear of strangers.
This is a normal social behavior for a 6-month-old infant. Infants usually develop stranger anxiety between 8 and 12 months of age, when they become more aware of their surroundings and attachment figures.
B. The infant does not roll over from his abdomen to his back.
By 6 months of age, most infants can roll over in both directions- from their abdomen to their back and vice versa. The inability to roll over from abdomen to back may indicate a delay in gross motor skills development. This finding should be reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation.
C. The infant does not pick up objects from the floor with his fingers.
The infant does not pick up objects from the floor with his fingers. By 6 months of age, infants typically begin to develop the ability to grasp and pick up objects using their fingers. This milestone is part of fine motor skills development. The inability to pick up objects from the floor with fingers may indicate a delay in fine motor skills and should be reported to the provider for further assessment.
D. The infant does not sit on the floor unsupported.
The infant does not sit on the floor unsupported.By 6 months of age, infants typically begin to develop the ability to sit unsupported for short periods. While some variability exists in when infants achieve this milestone, the inability to sit unsupported at 6 months may indicate a delay in gross motor skills development. This finding should be reported to the provider for further evaluation.
E. None
None
F. None
None
Full Explanation
A. The infant does not exhibit fear of strangers.
The infant does not exhibit fear of strangers is not a finding that the nurse should report to the provider, as this is a normal social behavior for a 6-month-old infant. Infants usually develop stranger anxiety between 8 and 12 months of age, when they become more aware of their surroundings and attachment figures.
B. The infant does not roll over from his abdomen to his back.
By 6 months of age, most infants can roll over in both directions— from their abdomen to their back and vice versa. The inability to roll over from abdomen to back may indicate a delay in gross motor skills development. This finding should be reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation.
C. The infant does not pick up objects from the floor with his fingers.
By 6 months of age, infants typically begin to develop the ability to grasp and pick up objects using their fingers. This milestone is part of fine motor skills development. The inability to pick up objects from the floor with fingers may indicate a delay in fine motor skills and should be reported to the provider for further assessment.
D. The infant does not sit on the floor unsupported.
By 6 months of age, infants typically begin to develop the ability to sit unsupported for short periods. While some variability exists in when infants achieve this milestone, the inability to sit unsupported at 6 months may indicate a delay in gross motor skills development. This finding should be reported to the provider for further evaluation.
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a prescription for amoxicillin 320 mg PO every 8 hr for 10 days. Available is amoxicillin suspension 400 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Full Explanation
To calculate the dose of amoxicillin for a child, the nurse needs to use the following formula:
Dose (mL) = prescribed dose (mg) / concentration (mg/mL)
In this case, the prescribed dose is 320 mg and the concentration is 400 mg/5 mL. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Dose (mL) = 320 mg / (400 mg/5 mL)
Dose (mL) = 320 mg x (5 mL/400 mg)
Dose (mL) = 4 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer 4 mL of amoxicillin suspension per dose.