Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal failure.
The client displays the following ABG results: pH 7.24, PaCO2 44 mm Hg, PaO2 84 mm Hg. HCO3 18 mEq/L, base excess -2, and O2 saturation 95%.
The nurse should conclude that the client has which of the following acid-base imbalances?
A. Respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is not indicated by the ABG results as the PaCO2 is within the normal range.
B. Metabolic alkalosis.
B) Metabolic alkalosis is not indicated by the ABG results as the pH and HCO3 levels are below their respective normal ranges.
C. Respiratory alkalosis.
C) Respiratory alkalosis is not indicated by the ABG results as the pH is below the normal range and the PaCO2 is within the normal range.
D. Metabolic acidosis.
The client’s ABG results show a pH of 7.24, which is below the normal range of 7.35-7.45 and indicates acidosis. The PaCO2 is within the normal range of 35-45 mm Hg, indicating that the acidosis is not caused by a respiratory issue. The HCO3 level is 18 mEq/L, which is below the normal range of 22-28 mEq/L and indicates a primary metabolic cause for acidosis.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - ATI Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
The client’s ABG results show a pH of 7.24, which is below the normal range of 7.35-7.45 and indicates acidosis.
The PaCO2 is within the normal range of 35-45 mm Hg, indicating that the acidosis is not caused by a respiratory issue.
The HCO3 level is 18 mEq/L, which is below the normal range of 22-28 mEq/L and indicates a primary metabolic cause for acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is not indicated by the ABG results as the PaCO2 is within the normal range.
B) Metabolic alkalosis is not indicated by the ABG results as the pH and HCO3 levels are below their respective normal ranges.
C) Respiratory alkalosis is not indicated by the ABG results as the pH is below the normal range and the PaCO2 is within the normal range.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who has pancreatitis and has been receiving total parenteral nutrition.
Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse monitor for overall nutritional status?
A. Lipase.
Lipase is an enzyme that is produced by the pancreas and is not used to monitor overall nutritional status.
B. C-reactive protein.
B) C-reactive protein is a marker of inflammation and is not used to monitor overall nutritional status.
C. Prealbumin.
Prealbumin is a protein that is produced by the liver and is used as a marker of nutritional status. It has a short half-life, so changes in pre albumin levels can reflect recent changes in nutritional status. Monitoring pre albumin levels can help assess the effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition.
D. Creatinine.
D) Creatinine is a waste product that is produced by muscle metabolism and is not used to monitor overall nutritional status.
Full Explanation
Prealbumin is a protein that is produced by the liver and is used as a marker of nutritional status.
It has a short half-life, so changes in pre albumin levels can reflect recent changes in nutritional status.
Monitoring pre albumin levels can help assess the effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition.
Lipase is an enzyme that is produced by the pancreas and is not used to monitor overall nutritional status.
B) C-reactive protein is a marker of inflammation and is not used to monitor overall nutritional status.
D) Creatinine is a waste product that is produced by muscle metabolism and is not used to monitor overall nutritional status.
A nurse is assessing a client following the insertion of a central venous catheter.
Which of the following findings indicates a pneumothorax?
A. Distended neck veins.
Distended neck veins are not a symptom of pneumothorax.
B. Itching over the incision.
B) Itching over the incision is not a symptom of pneumothorax.
C. Irregular heart rate.
C) Irregular heart rate is not a symptom of pneumothorax.
D. Diminished breath sounds.
A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall. This can cause diminished breath sounds on the affected side.
Full Explanation
A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall.
This can cause diminished breath sounds on the affected side. Distended neck veins are not a symptom of pneumothorax.
B) Itching over the incision is not a symptom of pneumothorax.
C) Irregular heart rate is not a symptom of pneumothorax.
A nurse is planning to teach a client whose provider has prescribed a low-purine diet.
The nurse should plan to instruct the client that he can include which of the following foods in his diet? (Select all that apply.).
A. Sardines.
Sardines are high in purine and should be limited or avoided.
B. Apricots.
Apricots and nuts are low-purine foods that can be included in a low-purine diet.
C. Scallops.
Scallops are high in purine and should be limited or avoided.
D. Nuts.
Apricots and nuts are low-purine foods that can be included in a low-purine diet.
E. Liver.
Liver is high in purine and should be limited or avoided.
Full Explanation
Apricots and nuts are low-purine foods that can be included in a low-purine diet.
Sardines are high in purine and should be limited or avoided.
Scallops are high in purine and should be limited or avoided.
Liver is high in purine and should be limited or avoided.