Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed gout. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
A. Alprazolam
Option a, Alprazolam, is a medication used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It is not used in the treatment of gout.
B. Spironolactone
Option b, Spironolactone, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, edema, and certain types of hormonal imbalances. It is not used in the treatment of gout.
C. Zolpidem
Option c, Zolpidem, is a medication used to treat insomnia. It is not used in the treatment of gout.
D. Allopurinol
Gout is a type of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and swelling. Allopurinol is a medication used to treat gout by reducing the production of uric acid in the body. It works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for producing uric acid.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - ATI Custom Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Gout is a type of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and swelling. Allopurinol is a medication used to treat gout by reducing the production of uric acid in the body. It works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for producing uric acid.
Option a, Alprazolam, is a medication used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It is not used in the treatment of gout.
Option b, Spironolactone, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, edema, and certain types of hormonal imbalances. It is not used in the treatment of gout.
Option c, Zolpidem, is a medication used to treat insomnia. It is not used in the treatment of gout.
Similar Questions
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client who states. "I don't want to take those drugs.’ Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Explain the purpose for the medications.
The nurse should provide information about the purpose, benefits, and potential side effects of the medications to help the client make an informed decision. Educating the client may alleviate their concerns and encourage adherence to the treatment plan. This should come after asking them why they do not want to take the medication.
B. Tell the client the physician wants him to take the medications.
Simply stating that the physician wants the client to take the medications does not provide the client with adequate information or address their concerns, undermining their autonomy.
C. Ask the client why he is refusing to take the medication.
Asking why is an assessment - the very first step in the nursing process. It respects the patient’s autonomy, uncovers the reason for refusal (e.g., fear of side effects, misunderstanding, cost, cultural/religious beliefs, prior bad experience, or allergy), and lets you tailor your response (education, alternative meds, contacting the prescriber). If the patient lacks capacity or the refusal poses immediate danger, that changes the response - but you must assess first.
D. Document that the client refuses the medication.
This is correct as a secondary action after education and efforts to resolve the client's concerns. Documentation should include the client's reason for refusal, any teaching provided, and the healthcare provider's notification if needed.
E. None
None
F. None
None
A nurse is caring for a child who is allergic to penicillin. The nurse should verify which of the following prescriptions with the provider?
A. Erythromycin
None
B. Gentamicin
None
C. Amoxicillin-clavulanate
According to UpToDate, cross-reactivity between penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics such as cephalosporins can occur in some cases1. Amoxicillin is a type of penicillin, so the nurse should verify this prescription with the provider to ensure that it is safe for the client to take.
D. Amphotericin B
None
Full Explanation
According to UpToDate, cross-reactivity between penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics such as cephalosporins can occur in some cases. Amoxicillin is a type of penicillin, so the nurse should verify this prescription with the provider to ensure that it is safe for the client to take.
Which assessment Is most important for the nurse to obtain when a patient is being treated with a neuromuscular-blocking agent?
A. Respiratory assessment for patent airway.
Neuromuscular-blocking agents paralyze the muscles, including the respiratory muscles. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the patient maintains a patent airway and is able to breathe effectively. The nurse should monitor the patient's respiratory rate, depth, and effort, as well as assess for signs of airway obstruction, such as stridor or wheezing.
B. Skin assessment for rash
C. Blood pressure assessment for orthostatic hypotension
D. Assessment far fluid volume overload
Full Explanation
Neuromuscular-blocking agents paralyze the muscles, including the respiratory muscles. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the patient maintains a patent airway and is able to breathe effectively. The nurse should monitor the patient's respiratory rate, depth, and effort, as well as assess for signs of airway obstruction, such as stridor or wheezing.
Skin assessment for rash (option b), blood pressure assessment for orthostatic hypotension (option c), and assessment for fluid volume overload (option d) may also be important assessments for the nurse to obtain, but they are not the most critical assessments when a patient is being treated with a neuromuscular-blocking agent.
