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NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and reports a tightening feeling around their torso. Which of the following conditions should the nurse recognize this finding indicates?
A. Lhermitte's sign
Lhermitte's sign:Lhermitte's sign is a neurological symptom characterized by a sensation of electric shock-like pain that radiates down the spine and into the limbs, typically triggered by flexing the neck forward. It is often described as shooting or stabbing pain and is commonly associated with lesions or damage to the cervical spinal cord. Lhermitte's sign is not associated with a tightening sensation around the torso but rather with shooting pain down the spine and limbs.
B. Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia:Trigeminal neuralgia is a neurological condition characterized by severe, shooting pain along the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to the face. The pain is typically triggered by activities such as chewing, speaking, or touching the face. Trigeminal neuralgia causes sudden, intense, electric shock-like pain in the face, particularly in the areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve (e.g., cheek, jaw, forehead). It is not associated with a tightening sensation around the torso.
C. MS hug
MS hug: The "MS hug" is a symptom experienced by some individuals with multiple sclerosis, characterized by a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing around the chest, abdomen, or torso. It can feel like a band tightening around the body and may be described as a constricting or girdling sensation. The MS hug is caused by spasms or tightening of the muscles surrounding the rib cage or the intercostal muscles due to damage to the nerves that control muscle function in MS.
D. Paroxysmal spasms
Paroxysmal spasms:Paroxysmal spasms refer to sudden, involuntary muscle contractions or spasms that occur intermittently. These spasms can affect various parts of the body and are commonly associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis. However, they typically present as brief, sudden contractions rather than a persistent tightening sensation around the torso.
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Full Explanation
A. Lhermitte's sign:
Lhermitte's sign is a neurological symptom characterized by a sensation of electric shock-like pain that radiates down the spine and into the limbs, typically triggered by flexing the neck forward. It is often described as shooting or stabbing pain and is commonly associated with lesions or damage to the cervical spinal cord. Lhermitte's sign is not associated with a tightening sensation around the torso but rather with shooting pain down the spine and limbs.
B. Trigeminal neuralgia:
Trigeminal neuralgia is a neurological condition characterized by severe, shooting pain along the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to the face. The pain is typically triggered by activities such as chewing, speaking, or touching the face. Trigeminal neuralgia causes sudden, intense, electric shock-like pain in the face, particularly in the areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve (e.g., cheek, jaw, forehead). It is not associated with a tightening sensation around the torso.
C. MS hug:
The "MS hug" is a symptom experienced by some individuals with multiple sclerosis, characterized by a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing around the chest, abdomen, or torso. It can feel like a band tightening around the body and may be described as a constricting or girdling sensation. The MS hug is caused by spasms or tightening of the muscles surrounding the rib cage or the intercostal muscles due to damage to the nerves that control muscle function in MS.
D. Paroxysmal spasms:
Paroxysmal spasms refer to sudden, involuntary muscle contractions or spasms that occur intermittently. These spasms can affect various parts of the body and are commonly associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis. However, they typically present as brief, sudden contractions rather than a persistent tightening sensation around the torso.
Similar Questions
A nurse is preparing to administer diazepam 3 mg IM. The amount available is diazepam for injection 5 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Full Explanation
To calculate the dose of diazepam in mL, the nurse should use the formula:
Dose (mL) = Desired dose (mg) / Available dose (mg/mL)
Plugging in the values from the question, we get:
Dose (mL) = 3 mg / 5 mg/mL
Simplifying, we get:
Dose (mL) = 0.6 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer 0.6 mL of diazepam IM.
A nurse is preparing to administer amantadine 150 mg PO for a client who is experiencing parkinsonism due to an antipsychotic medication. Available is amantadine 50 mg/5 mL oral solution. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Full Explanation
To calculate the dose of amantadine for a client with parkinsonism, the nurse needs to use the following formula:
Dose (mL) = Ordered dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL).
In this case, the ordered dose is 150 mg and the concentration is 50 mg/5 mL. Therefore, the dose in mL is:
Dose (mL) = 150 mg / (50 mg/5 mL)
Dose (mL) = 150 mg x (5 mL/50 mg)
Dose (mL) = 15 mL
The nurse should round the answer to the nearest whole number, which is 15 mL. The nurse should administer 15 mL of amantadine oral solution to the client.
A few days after a Cerebral Vascular Accident, the patient's family asks the nurse if tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a drug therapy option now. The nurse's response based on the knowledge that this drug must be used within:
A. 4 hours
4 hours:This option indicates that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) must be administered within 4 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms to be considered as a drug therapy option. tPA is a thrombolytic medication used to dissolve blood clots in ischemic stroke, and its effectiveness is highest when administered promptly after the onset of symptoms.
B. 1 hour
1 hour:Administering tPA within 1 hour of stroke onset would be extremely challenging and impractical. It typically takes time for patients to recognize stroke symptoms, seek medical attention, and undergo diagnostic evaluations before tPA administration. While time is of the essence in stroke treatment, 1 hour is too short of a timeframe for most patients to receive tPA.
C. 24 hours
24 hours: Administering tPA beyond 4.5 hours of stroke onset is generally contraindicated due to the increased risk of complications, including hemorrhagic transformation of the stroke. While there may be some extended time windows considered for certain patients under specific circumstances, such as those meeting eligibility criteria for extended thrombolytic therapy, 24 hours is outside the standard timeframe for tPA administration.
D. 8 hours
8 hours:While tPA administration within 8 hours of stroke onset may be feasible for some patients, it is beyond the standard recommended time window for optimal effectiveness. As mentioned earlier, tPA is most effective when administered within the first 3 to 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms, with earlier administration associated with better outcomes.
Full Explanation
A. 4 hours:
This option indicates that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) must be administered within 4 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms to be considered as a drug therapy option. tPA is a thrombolytic medication used to dissolve blood clots in ischemic stroke, and its effectiveness is highest when administered promptly after the onset of symptoms.
B. 1 hour:
Administering tPA within 1 hour of stroke onset would be extremely challenging and impractical. It typically takes time for patients to recognize stroke symptoms, seek medical attention, and undergo diagnostic evaluations before tPA administration. While time is of the essence in stroke treatment, 1 hour is too short of a timeframe for most patients to receive tPA.
C. 24 hours:
Administering tPA beyond 4.5 hours of stroke onset is generally contraindicated due to the increased risk of complications, including hemorrhagic transformation of the stroke. While there may be some extended time windows considered for certain patients under specific circumstances, such as those meeting eligibility criteria for extended thrombolytic therapy, 24 hours is outside the standard timeframe for tPA administration.
D. 8 hours:
While tPA administration within 8 hours of stroke onset may be feasible for some patients, it is beyond the standard recommended time window for optimal effectiveness. As mentioned earlier, tPA is most effective when administered within the first 3 to 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms, with earlier administration associated with better outcomes.