Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is caring for a preterm newborn who has hypoglycemia due to inadequate gluconeogenesis.
The nurse should understand that this condition occurs because preterm newborns have limited stores of which of the following substances?
A. Glycogen
Preterm newborns have limited stores of glycogen, which is a substance made from glucose that is stored in the liver and muscle cells to be used later for energy.When blood glucose levels are low, the hormone glucagon signals the cells to convert glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream.However, preterm newborns have a reduced ability to produce glucagon and to use gluconeogenesis, which is the process of making new glucose from other sources.Therefore, they are at risk of hypoglycemia, which is a condition where blood glucose levels are too low to support normal brain function.
B. Glucose
Glucose is the sugar that travels through the blood to fuel the cells, not a substance that is stored for later use.
C. Insulin
Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the blood, not a substance that is stored for later use.
D. Glucagon
Glucagon is a hormone that triggers the release of glucose from the liver and muscle cells, not a substance that is stored for later use.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - More questions on this topic. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice A. Glycogen. Preterm newborns have limited stores of glycogen, which is a substance made from glucose that is stored in the liver and muscle cells to be used later for energy. When blood glucose levels are low, the hormone glucagon signals the cells to convert glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. However, preterm newborns have a reduced ability to produce glucagon and to use gluconeogenesis, which is the process of making new glucose from other sources. Therefore, they are at risk of hypoglycemia, which is a condition where blood glucose levels are too low to support normal brain function.
Choice B is wrong because glucose is the sugar that travels through the blood to fuel the cells, not a substance that is stored for later use.
Choice C is wrong because insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the blood, not a substance that is stored for later use.
Choice D is wrong because glucagon is a hormone that triggers the release of glucose from the liver and muscle cells, not a substance that is stored for later use.
Similar Questions
A nurse is educating a group of college students about hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and prevention.
The nurse should emphasize that the most common modes of transmission are which of the following? (Select all that apply)
A. Unprotected sexual contact
Unprotected sexual contact can expose a person to the blood, semen, or vaginal fluids of an infected partner.
B. Sharing drugs, needles, or “works” when using drugs
Sharing drugs, needles, or “works” when using drugs can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.
C. Poor infection control practices in medical settings
Poor infection control practices in medical settings can expose a person to contaminated needles or syringes or sharp objects that have been used on an infected person.
D. Sharing of blood sugar (diabetes) testing equipment
Sharing of blood sugar (diabetes) testing equipment can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.
E. Needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job
Needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job can expose a person to the blood of an infected
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice A, B, C, D and E. All of these are possible modes of transmission for hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. The virus is most commonly transmitted from mother to child during birth and delivery, as well as through contact with blood or other body fluids during sex with an infected partner, unsafe injections or exposures to sharp instruments.
Choice A is correct because unprotected sexual contact can expose a person to the blood, semen, or vaginal fluids of an infected partner.
Choice B is correct because sharing drugs, needles, or “works” when using drugs can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.
Choice C is correct because poor infection control practices in medical settings can expose a person to contaminated needles or syringes or sharp objects that have been used on an infected person.
Choice D is correct because sharing of blood sugar (diabetes) testing equipment can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.
Choice E is correct because needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job can expose a person to the blood of an infected
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic hepatitis B infection and is taking lamivudine (Epivir).
The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
A. Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is not a common side effect of lamivudine. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.Pancreatitis is more likely to occur with other NRTIs such as didanosine (Videx) or stavudine (Zerit).
B. Lactic acidosis
Lamivudine (Epivir) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection and HIV infection. One of the rare but serious adverse effects of lamivudine is lactic acidosis, which is a condition where the blood becomes too acidic due to the accumulation of lactate.Lactic acidosis can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, rapid breathing, and low blood pressure.
C. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is not a common side effect of lamivudine. Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which regulate the metabolism and energy levels of the body. Hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and depression. Hypothyroidism is more likely to occur with other drugs that interfere with thyroid function such as amiodarone (Cordarone) or lithium
D. Nephrotoxicity
N/A
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice B. Lactic acidosis.
Lamivudine (Epivir) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection and HIV infection.
One of the rare but serious adverse effects of lamivudine is lactic acidosis, which is a condition where the blood becomes too acidic due to the accumulation of lactate. Lactic acidosis can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, rapid breathing, and low blood pressure.
Choice A is wrong because pancreatitis is not a common side effect of lamivudine.
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Pancreatitis is more likely to occur with other NRTIs such as didanosine (Videx) or stavudine (Zerit).
Choice C is wrong because hypothyroidism is not a common side effect of lamivudine.
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which regulate the metabolism and energy levels of the body.
Hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and depression.
Hypothyroidism is more likely to occur with other drugs that interfere with thyroid function such as amiodarone (Cordarone) or lithium
A nurse is educating a new mother about umbilical cord care and how to prevent omphalitis, sepsis, and tetanus.
Which of the following statements by the mother indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. “I should wash my hands before and after handling the cord stump.”
Washing hands before and after handling the cord stump can prevent the transmission of bacteria that can cause omphalitis, sepsis, and tetanus.
B. “I should apply petroleum jelly or ointment to the cord stump after each diaper change.”
Applying petroleum jelly or ointment to the cord stump can delay its drying and increase the risk of infection.
C. “I should use a cotton swab dipped in hydrogen peroxide to clean around the base of the cord stump.”
Using hydrogen peroxide to clean the cord stump can damage the healthy tissue and delay healing.
D. “I should fold down the top of the diaper below the cord stump until it falls off.”
Folding down the diaper below the cord stump can expose it to urine and feces, which can contaminate it and cause infection.
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice A. Washing hands before and after handling the cord stump can prevent the transmission of bacteria that can cause omphalitis, sepsis, and tetanus.
Choice B is wrong because applying petroleum jelly or ointment to the cord stump can delay its drying and increase the risk of infection.
Choice C is wrong because using hydrogen peroxide to clean the cord stump can damage the healthy tissue and delay healing.
Choice D is wrong because folding down the diaper below the cord stump can expose it to urine and feces, which can contaminate it and cause infection.
The normal range for umbilical cord separation is 5 to 15 days after birth.