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NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a school-age child who has glomerulonephritis. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
A. Mild hematuria
Mild hematuria. One of the hallmark signs of glomerulonephritis is hematuria (presence of blood in the urine). Mild hematuria is common and is often associated with glomerular injury, which allows red blood cells to pass through the glomerular filtration barrier.
B. Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia. Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) is not typically associated with glomerulonephritis. However, in severe cases of kidney dysfunction, fluid retention can lead to dilutional hyponatremia, but it is not a primary finding in glomerulonephritis.
C. Absent urine protein
Absent urine protein. Proteinuria (presence of protein in the urine) is a common finding in glomerulonephritis due to damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. It is typically present, though the amount may vary.
D. Decreased blood potassium
Decreased blood potassium. Hyperkalemia (increased potassium levels) is more commonly seen in acute kidney injury and glomerulonephritis due to decreased kidney function. Decreased potassium levels are not typical in this condition.
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Full Explanation
A. Mild hematuria. One of the hallmark signs of glomerulonephritis is hematuria (presence of blood in the urine). Mild hematuria is common and is often associated with glomerular injury, which allows red blood cells to pass through the glomerular filtration barrier.
B. Hyponatremia. Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) is not typically associated with glomerulonephritis. However, in severe cases of kidney dysfunction, fluid retention can lead to dilutional hyponatremia, but it is not a primary finding in glomerulonephritis.
C. Absent urine protein. Proteinuria (presence of protein in the urine) is a common finding in glomerulonephritis due to damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. It is typically present, though the amount may vary.
D. Decreased blood potassium. Hyperkalemia (increased potassium levels) is more commonly seen in acute kidney injury and glomerulonephritis due to decreased kidney function. Decreased potassium levels are not typical in this condition.
Similar Questions
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a school-age child who has diabetes mellitus about managing diabetes during illness. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I will offer my child 20 grams of carbohydrates every 2 hours."
"I will offer my child 20 grams of carbohydrates every 2 hours." During illness, children with diabetes should continue to eat, but it's more important to focus on maintaining adequate fluid intake and monitoring blood glucose levels. Carbohydrate intake may vary depending on the child's appetite and glucose levels, but 20 grams of carbohydrates every 2 hours may not be necessary for every child.
B. "I will increase the amount of fluids I offer my child."
"I will increase the amount of fluids I offer my child." During illness, it is crucial to maintain hydration in children with diabetes to prevent dehydration, which can be exacerbated by fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Fluids help maintain glucose stability and prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
C. "I will withhold my child's dose of insulin when his appetite is poor."
"I will withhold my child's dose of insulin when his appetite is poor.” Insulin should not be withheld even if the child's appetite is poor, as this can lead to hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Insulin needs should be adjusted based on blood glucose levels, not appetite.
D. "I will monitor my child's blood glucose levels every 8 hours."
"I will monitor my child's blood glucose levels every 8 hours." Blood glucose levels should be monitored more frequently, especially during illness. Typically, it's recommended to check every 2-4 hours to ensure the child’s blood glucose is within a safe range and to detect any changes that require adjustment in insulin therapy.
Full Explanation
A. "I will offer my child 20 grams of carbohydrates every 2 hours." During illness, children with diabetes should continue to eat, but it's more important to focus on maintaining adequate fluid intake and monitoring blood glucose levels. Carbohydrate intake may vary depending on the child's appetite and glucose levels, but 20 grams of carbohydrates every 2 hours may not be necessary for every child.
B. "I will increase the amount of fluids I offer my child." During illness, it is crucial to maintain hydration in children with diabetes to prevent dehydration, which can be exacerbated by fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Fluids help maintain glucose stability and prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
C. "I will withhold my child's dose of insulin when his appetite is poor.” Insulin should not be withheld even if the child's appetite is poor, as this can lead to hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Insulin needs should be adjusted based on blood glucose levels, not appetite.
D. "I will monitor my child's blood glucose levels every 8 hours." Blood glucose levels should be monitored more frequently, especially during illness. Typically, it's recommended to check every 2-4 hours to ensure the child’s blood glucose is within a safe range and to detect any changes that require adjustment in insulin therapy.
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a 9-year-old child who is scheduled for a tonsillectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Use simple diagrams to explain the procedure.
Use simple diagrams to explain the procedure. Children benefit from visual aids to help them understand medical procedures. Using simple diagrams can help the child visualize what will happen during the tonsillectomy in a non-threatening way and make the process less intimidating.
B. Indicate on a stuffed animal where the procedure will be performed.
Indicate on a stuffed animal where the procedure will be performed. While a stuffed animal might be useful for younger children, a 9-year-old is more likely to benefit from a visual aid that is more aligned with their cognitive and developmental level. Simple diagrams or pictures would be more appropriate for this age group.
C. Provide teaching immediately before the procedure.
Provide teaching immediately before the procedure. It is more effective to provide teaching well before the procedure to allow the child time to process and ask questions. Immediate preoperative teaching might lead to increased anxiety and may not allow enough time for the child to fully understand.
D. Discuss the benefits of the procedure.
Discuss the benefits of the procedure. While it is important to acknowledge the purpose of the procedure, focusing on the benefits alone might not address the child's concerns and anxieties about the procedure. Explaining the procedure in a straightforward and understandable manner, without overemphasizing the benefits, is usually more effective in reducing anxiety.
Full Explanation
A. Use simple diagrams to explain the procedure. Children benefit from visual aids to help them understand medical procedures. Using simple diagrams can help the child visualize what will happen during the tonsillectomy in a non-threatening way and make the process less intimidating.
B. Indicate on a stuffed animal where the procedure will be performed. While a stuffed animal might be useful for younger children, a 9-year-old is more likely to benefit from a visual aid that is more aligned with their cognitive and developmental level. Simple diagrams or pictures would be more appropriate for this age group.
C. Provide teaching immediately before the procedure. It is more effective to provide teaching well before the procedure to allow the child time to process and ask questions. Immediate preoperative teaching might lead to increased anxiety and may not allow enough time for the child to fully understand.
D. Discuss the benefits of the procedure. While it is important to acknowledge the purpose of the procedure, focusing on the benefits alone might not address the child's concerns and anxieties about the procedure. Explaining the procedure in a straightforward and understandable manner, without overemphasizing the benefits, is usually more effective in reducing anxiety.
A nurse is assessing a child who has bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a potential risk for aspiration?
A. Elevated temperature
Elevated temperature. An elevated temperature is a common symptom of infection, including bacterial pneumonia, but it is not a direct risk factor for aspiration. The concern for aspiration is more related to a child's ability to protect their airway.
B. Neurological deficit
Neurological deficit. A neurological deficit, such as a decreased level of consciousness or impaired swallowing reflexes, increases the risk of aspiration. A child with neurological impairment may have difficulty swallowing or protecting their airway, making them more prone to inhaling food, fluids, or other substances into the lungs, leading to aspiration pneumonia.
C. Inspiratory wheezing
Inspiratory wheezing. Inspiratory wheezing is more likely to be associated with conditions like asthma or airway obstruction, not specifically with aspiration. It does not directly indicate a risk for aspiration.
D. Rapid respirations
Rapid respirations. Rapid respirations can be a sign of respiratory distress, common in pneumonia, but they do not directly indicate a risk for aspiration. The risk for aspiration is more closely linked to issues with swallowing and airway protection, not just the rate of respiration.
Full Explanation
A. Elevated temperature. An elevated temperature is a common symptom of infection, including bacterial pneumonia, but it is not a direct risk factor for aspiration. The concern for aspiration is more related to a child's ability to protect their airway.
B. Neurological deficit. A neurological deficit, such as a decreased level of consciousness or impaired swallowing reflexes, increases the risk of aspiration. A child with neurological impairment may have difficulty swallowing or protecting their airway, making them more prone to inhaling food, fluids, or other substances into the lungs, leading to aspiration pneumonia.
C. Inspiratory wheezing. Inspiratory wheezing is more likely to be associated with conditions like asthma or airway obstruction, not specifically with aspiration. It does not directly indicate a risk for aspiration.
D. Rapid respirations. Rapid respirations can be a sign of respiratory distress, common in pneumonia, but they do not directly indicate a risk for aspiration. The risk for aspiration is more closely linked to issues with swallowing and airway protection, not just the rate of respiration.