Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney injury about the oliguric phase. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hr.
Oliguria, characterized by urine output less than 400 mL per 24 hours, is a hallmark of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury.
B. BUN and creatinine levels decrease.
BUN and creatinine levels typically increase during the oliguric phase due to decreased kidney function.
C. Renal function is reestablished.
Renal function is not reestablished during the oliguric phase; this phase represents reduced kidney function.
D. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) recovers
The glomerular filtration rate remains decreased during the oliguric phase.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati Med Surg Proctored Exam 8. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Oliguria, characterized by urine output less than 400 mL per 24 hours, is a hallmark of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury.
B. BUN and creatinine levels typically increase during the oliguric phase due to decreased kidney function.
C. Renal function is not reestablished during the oliguric phase; this phase represents reduced kidney function.
D. The glomerular filtration rate remains decreased during the oliguric phase.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who has a postoperative ileus and an NG tube that has drained 2,500 mL in the past 6 hr. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor the client for?
A. Decreased calcium level
Postoperative ileus and NG tube drainage are not typically associated with decreased calcium levels.
B. Decreased potassium level
The nurse should monitor for electrolyte imbalances, particularly a decreased potassium level. This is because the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, contains a high concentration of potassium, and substantial losses can occur with ongoing gastric suctioning.
C. Elevated sodium level
NG tube drainage does not typically result in elevated sodium levels.
D. Elevated magnesium level
NG tube drainage does not typically result in elevated magnesium levels.
Full Explanation
A. Postoperative ileus and NG tube drainage are not typically associated with decreased calcium levels.
B. The nurse should monitor for electrolyte imbalances, particularly a decreased potassium level. This is because the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, contains a high concentration of potassium, and substantial losses can occur with ongoing gastric suctioning.
C. NG tube drainage does not typically result in elevated sodium levels.
D. NG tube drainage does not typically result in elevated magnesium levels.
A primary care nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client. Which of the following chronic conditions should the nurse identify as risk factors for developing kidney disease?
A. Chronic lung disease
Chronic lung disease is not typically identified as a risk factor for developing kidney disease.
B. Hypertension
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for kidney disease as it can damage blood vessels in the kidneys over time.
C. Diabetes
Diabetes, especially when uncontrolled, can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a common cause of kidney disease.
D. Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is primarily related to the cardiovascular system and is not directly associated with kidney disease.
E. Obesity
Obesity increases the risk of developing kidney disease due to associated conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.
Full Explanation
A. Chronic lung disease is not typically identified as a risk factor for developing kidney disease.
B. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for kidney disease as it can damage blood vessels in the kidneys over time.
C. Diabetes, especially when uncontrolled, can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a common cause of kidney disease.
D. Coronary heart disease is primarily related to the cardiovascular system and is not directly associated with kidney disease.
E. Obesity increases the risk of developing kidney disease due to associated conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply).
A. Bone pain
Bone pain can occur in ESRD due to mineral and bone disorders associated with chronic kidney disease.
B. Slurred speech
Slurred speech can be seen in ESRD patients with uremic encephalopathy.
C. Hypotension
Hypotension is less common in ESRD; hypertension is more typical due to fluid overload and retention.
D. Pruritus
Pruritus is a common symptom of ESRD, often due to accumulation of uremic toxins.
E. Bradypnea.
Bradypnea is not typically associated with ESRD.
Full Explanation
A. Bone pain can occur in ESRD due to mineral and bone disorders associated with chronic kidney disease.
B. Slurred speech can be seen in ESRD patients with uremic encephalopathy.
C. Hypotension is less common in ESRD; hypertension is more typical due to fluid overload and retention.
D. Pruritus is a common symptom of ESRD, often due to accumulation of uremic toxins.
E. Bradypnea is not typically associated with ESRD.