Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply).
A. Bone pain
Bone pain can occur in ESRD due to mineral and bone disorders associated with chronic kidney disease.
B. Slurred speech
Slurred speech can be seen in ESRD patients with uremic encephalopathy.
C. Hypotension
Hypotension is less common in ESRD; hypertension is more typical due to fluid overload and retention.
D. Pruritus
Pruritus is a common symptom of ESRD, often due to accumulation of uremic toxins.
E. Bradypnea.
Bradypnea is not typically associated with ESRD.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati Med Surg Proctored Exam 8. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Bone pain can occur in ESRD due to mineral and bone disorders associated with chronic kidney disease.
B. Slurred speech can be seen in ESRD patients with uremic encephalopathy.
C. Hypotension is less common in ESRD; hypertension is more typical due to fluid overload and retention.
D. Pruritus is a common symptom of ESRD, often due to accumulation of uremic toxins.
E. Bradypnea is not typically associated with ESRD.
Similar Questions
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?
A. Hypernatremia
Hypernatremia is usually due to an excess of sodium or a deficit of water, not directly related to prerenal causes.
B. Hyperkalemia
Prerenal AKI is characterized by a decrease in renal blood flow, which leads to a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and a subsequent accumulation of waste products, including potassium. Hyperkalemia occurs because the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively.
C. Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia is not typically associated with AKI.
D. Hypophosphatemia
Hypophosphatemia is generally associated with malnutrition or malabsorption syndromes and is not a direct result of prerenal AKI.
Full Explanation
A. Hypernatremia is usually due to an excess of sodium or a deficit of water, not directly related to prerenal causes.
B. Prerenal AKI is characterized by a decrease in renal blood flow, which leads to a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and a subsequent accumulation of waste products, including potassium. Hyperkalemia occurs because the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively.
C. Hypercalcemia is not typically associated with AKI.
D. Hypophosphatemia is generally associated with malnutrition or malabsorption syndromes and is not a direct result of prerenal AKI.
A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis.
Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?
A. The client has a 5 lb weight gain since yesterday.
Sudden weight gain is a common sign of fluid overload in clients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
B. Return of skin to previous position when the client's shin is palpated
Skin turgor assessment is not as reliable in individuals with kidney disease due to changes in skin elasticity.
C. Flattened neck veins
Flattened neck veins are not indicative of fluid overload; rather, they suggest dehydration.
D. Oxygen saturation 93%
Oxygen saturation may be affected by various factors but is not directly related to fluid overload in this context.
Full Explanation
A. Sudden weight gain is a common sign of fluid overload in clients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
B. Skin turgor assessment is not as reliable in individuals with kidney disease due to changes in skin elasticity.
C. Flattened neck veins are not indicative of fluid overload; rather, they suggest dehydration.
D. Oxygen saturation may be affected by various factors but is not directly related to fluid overload in this context.
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD) and states she has heartburn.
The provider prescribes aluminum hydroxide. The client asks, "Why can't I just take the antacid magaldrate my husband has at home?" The nurse explains to the client that aluminum hydroxide is the preferred antacid because it lowers which of the following?
A. Serum magnesium levels
Aluminum hydroxide can lead to increased serum magnesium levels, but this is not the reason for its preference in chronic kidney disease.
B. Serum phosphorus levels
Aluminum hydroxide is preferred because it binds to dietary phosphate, reducing serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease who are prone to hyperphosphatemia.
C. Serum potassium levels
Aluminum hydroxide does not significantly affect serum potassium levels.
D. Serum calcium levels
Aluminum hydroxide can lead to decreased serum calcium levels due to binding, but this is not the primary reason for its preference in chronic kidney disease.
Full Explanation
A. Aluminum hydroxide can lead to increased serum magnesium levels, but this is not the reason for its preference in chronic kidney disease.
B. Aluminum hydroxide is preferred because it binds to dietary phosphate, reducing serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease who are prone to hyperphosphatemia.
C. Aluminum hydroxide does not significantly affect serum potassium levels.
D. Aluminum hydroxide can lead to decreased serum calcium levels due to binding, but this is not the primary reason for its preference in chronic kidney disease.