Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
An example of chemical digestion is the breakdown of______________ into _____________.
A. amino acids; proteins
Amino acids; proteins: Amino acids are the end products of protein digestion, not the substrates that are broken down.
B. polysaccharides; amino acids
Polysaccharides; amino acids: Polysaccharides are broken down into simple sugars (monosaccharides), not amino acids.
C. proteins; nucleotides
Proteins; nucleotides: Proteins are broken down into amino acids, not nucleotides. Nucleotides are components of nucleic acids, not proteins.
D. nucleic acids; nucleotides
Nucleic acids; nucleotides: Nucleic acids (such as DNA and RNA) are broken down into nucleotides.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Anatomy and physiology proctored exam ( hellen fluid college). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Amino acids; proteins: Amino acids are the end products of protein digestion, not the substrates that are broken down.
B. Polysaccharides; amino acids: Polysaccharides are broken down into simple sugars (monosaccharides), not amino acids.
C. Proteins; nucleotides: Proteins are broken down into amino acids, not nucleotides. Nucleotides are components of nucleic acids, not proteins.
D. Nucleic acids; nucleotides: Nucleic acids (such as DNA and RNA) are broken down into nucleotides.
Similar Questions
What is the function of aldosterone?
A. It increases both Nat and K+ secretion.
It increases both Na+ and K+ secretion: Aldosterone increases sodium (Na+) reabsorption and potassium (K+) secretion, but it does not increase the secretion of both ions.
B. It causes the urine to be more diluted.
It causes the urine to be more diluted. Aldosterone causes the urine to be more concentrated by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.
C. It reduces Na* reabsorption and K+ secretion.
It reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Aldosterone actually increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, not reduces them.
D. It increases Nat reabsorption and K+ secretion.
It increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys and increases potassium secretion, leading to more concentrated urine.
Full Explanation
A. It increases both Na+ and K+ secretion: Aldosterone increases sodium (Na+) reabsorption and potassium (K+) secretion, but it does not increase the secretion of both ions.
B. It causes the urine to be more diluted. Aldosterone causes the urine to be more concentrated by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.
C. It reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Aldosterone actually increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, not reduces them.
D. It increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys and increases potassium secretion, leading to more concentrated urine.
The enzyme(s) called ____________ break(s) down the substrate called_________________.
A. lactose; lactase
Lactose; lactase: Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose, not the other way around.
B. lipases; micelles
Lipases; micelles: Lipases break down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol, not micelles. Micelles are formed as part of the digestion process but are not the substrate for lipases.
C. peptidases; proteins
Peptidases; proteins: Peptidases (or proteases) break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. This is the correct answer.
D. lactase; glucose
Lactase; glucose: Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, not just glucose.
Full Explanation
A. Lactose; lactase: Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose, not the other way around.
B. Lipases; micelles: Lipases break down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol, not micelles. Micelles are formed as part of the digestion process but are not the substrate for lipases.
C. Peptidases; proteins: Peptidases (or proteases) break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. This is the correct answer.
D. Lactase; glucose: Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, not just glucose.
. A by-product of protein catabolism is called__________.
A. azotemia
Azotemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of nitrogenous waste products in the blood, not a direct by-product of protein catabolism.
B. creatinine
Creatinine is a by-product of muscle metabolism, not directly from protein catabolism.
C. uric acid
Uric acid is a by-product of nucleic acid metabolism, not protein catabolism.
D. urea
Urea is a primary by-product of protein catabolism, formed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. This is the correct answer.
Full Explanation
A. Azotemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of nitrogenous waste products in the blood, not a direct by-product of protein catabolism.
B. Creatinine is a by-product of muscle metabolism, not directly from protein catabolism.
C. Uric acid is a by-product of nucleic acid metabolism, not protein catabolism.
D. Urea is a primary by-product of protein catabolism, formed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. This is the correct answer.