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NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
A. True
B. False
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Fa25 biol Microbiology (Hennepin Technical College) proctored exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
True: Fungi have versatile reproductive strategies. They can reproduce asexually through methods such as budding, fragmentation, and spore formation, which allows rapid population increase. They can also reproduce sexually through the fusion of specialized cells, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation to changing environments.
Similar Questions
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
A. nucleus
nucleus: Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and instead have DNA freely floating in the cytoplasm.
B. mitochondria
mitochondria: Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, and they are absent in prokaryotic cells.
C. endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) is a membrane-bound organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis, which is not present in prokaryotes.
D. lysosomes
lysosomes: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste and macromolecules; this organelle is unique to eukaryotic cells.
E. All of the above
All the listed organelles and structures are characteristic of eukaryotic cells and absent in prokaryotes.
Full Explanation
A. nucleus: Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and instead have DNA freely floating in the cytoplasm.
B. mitochondria: Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, and they are absent in prokaryotic cells.
C. endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) is a membrane-bound organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis, which is not present in prokaryotes.
D. lysosomes: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste and macromolecules; this organelle is unique to eukaryotic cells.
E. All of the above: All the listed organelles and structures are characteristic of eukaryotic cells and absent in prokaryotes.
During ________ viral synthesis is suspended.
A. budding
budding: During budding, new viral particles exit the host cell gradually without destroying it, but viral synthesis continues during this stage to produce components for new virions.
B. latency
latency: In latency, the virus remains dormant within the host cell with little or no viral synthesis occurring. The genome persists in the host without active replication until reactivated.
C. lytic replication
lytic replication: In the lytic cycle, viral synthesis is highly active, producing viral proteins and genomes that ultimately cause cell lysis and release of new virions.
D. persistent infection
persistent infection: A persistent infection involves continuous viral replication at low levels, so viral synthesis is ongoing, not suspended.
E. oncogenesis
Oncogenesis refers to virus-induced cellular transformation leading to uncontrolled cell growth, but viral synthesis may still continue depending on the virus type.
Full Explanation
A. budding: During budding, new viral particles exit the host cell gradually without destroying it, but viral synthesis continues during this stage to produce components for new virions.
B. latency: In latency, the virus remains dormant within the host cell with little or no viral synthesis occurring. The genome persists in the host without active replication until reactivated.
C. lytic replication: In the lytic cycle, viral synthesis is highly active, producing viral proteins and genomes that ultimately cause cell lysis and release of new virions.
D. persistent infection: A persistent infection involves continuous viral replication at low levels, so viral synthesis is ongoing, not suspended.
E. oncogenesis: Oncogenesis refers to virus-induced cellular transformation leading to uncontrolled cell growth, but viral synthesis may still continue depending on the virus type.
Cytopathic effects are cellular changes that are caused by
A. viral infections
viral infections: Cytopathic effects (CPEs) are structural and functional changes in host cells resulting from viral infections. Examples include cell rounding, syncytia formation, inclusion bodies, and cell lysis, all due to viral replication and interference with normal cellular processes.
B. protozoal infections
protozoal infections: Protozoa can damage host tissues through invasion and toxin production, but they do not typically cause cytopathic effects as defined in virology.
C. fungal infections
fungal infections: Fungi may cause tissue destruction through enzymes and inflammation, yet they do not lead to the characteristic cytopathic effects seen with viral infections.
D. bacterial infections
bacterial infections: Bacteria can produce toxins and cause tissue damage, but cytopathic effects specifically refer to viral-induced cellular alterations, not bacterial activity.
Full Explanation
A. viral infections: Cytopathic effects (CPEs) are structural and functional changes in host cells resulting from viral infections. Examples include cell rounding, syncytia formation, inclusion bodies, and cell lysis, all due to viral replication and interference with normal cellular processes.
B. protozoal infections: Protozoa can damage host tissues through invasion and toxin production, but they do not typically cause cytopathic effects as defined in virology.
C. fungal infections: Fungi may cause tissue destruction through enzymes and inflammation, yet they do not lead to the characteristic cytopathic effects seen with viral infections.
D. bacterial infections: Bacteria can produce toxins and cause tissue damage, but cytopathic effects specifically refer to viral-induced cellular alterations, not bacterial activity.