Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Grant has a condition in which his immune system has attacked and destroyed his thyroid gland. This is an example of a(n)
A. autoimmune disease
autoimmune disease: when the immune system targets the body’s own tissues (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis), it is classified as an autoimmune disease.
B. tissue rejection reaction
tissue rejection reaction: tissue rejection refers to immune attack against a transplanted (non-self) organ, not the person’s own tissue.
C. secondary immune response
secondary immune response: a secondary immune response refers to the heightened response on re-exposure to an antigen (memory response), not self-destruction of an organ.
D. type IV hypersensitivity
type IV hypersensitivity: some autoimmune diseases involve cell-mediated (type IV) mechanisms, but autoimmune disease is the broader correct classification; not all autoimmune thyroid destruction is exclusively type IV.
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Full Explanation
A. autoimmune disease: when the immune system targets the body’s own tissues (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis), it is classified as an autoimmune disease.
B. tissue rejection reaction: tissue rejection refers to immune attack against a transplanted (non-self) organ, not the person’s own tissue.
C. secondary immune response: a secondary immune response refers to the heightened response on re-exposure to an antigen (memory response), not self-destruction of an organ.
D. type IV hypersensitivity: some autoimmune diseases involve cell-mediated (type IV) mechanisms, but autoimmune disease is the broader correct classification; not all autoimmune thyroid destruction is exclusively type IV.
Similar Questions
Which of the following is not a chemical barrier?
A. enzymes
enzymes: many enzymes (e.g., lysozyme in saliva/tears) are chemical barriers to microbes.
B. complement
complement: the complement system is a set of plasma proteins that chemically attack pathogens (a chemical innate defense).
C. interferons
interferons: interferons are signaling proteins that help inhibit viral replication and are considered chemical immune defenses.
D. ciliated epithelium
ciliated epithelium: ciliated epithelium is a physical/mechanical barrier (moves mucus and trapped particles), not a chemical barrier.
Full Explanation
A. enzymes: many enzymes (e.g., lysozyme in saliva/tears) are chemical barriers to microbes.
B. complement: the complement system is a set of plasma proteins that chemically attack pathogens (a chemical innate defense).
C. interferons: interferons are signaling proteins that help inhibit viral replication and are considered chemical immune defenses.
D. ciliated epithelium: ciliated epithelium is a physical/mechanical barrier (moves mucus and trapped particles), not a chemical barrier.
The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)
A. arteriole
arteriole: arterioles are small, muscular arteries with thicker walls and no valves; lymphatics are thin-walled and valved.
B. artery
artery: arteries have thick, muscular, elastic walls to withstand high pressure; lymphatic vessels are thin-walled and low-pressure.
C. capillary
capillary: capillaries are tiny single-cell-thick vessels for exchange; lymphatics are larger and have valves.
D. vein
vein: lymphatic vessels have thin walls and valves and operate under low pressure, making them most similar in structure/function to veins.
Full Explanation
A. arteriole: arterioles are small, muscular arteries with thicker walls and no valves; lymphatics are thin-walled and valved.
B. artery: arteries have thick, muscular, elastic walls to withstand high pressure; lymphatic vessels are thin-walled and low-pressure.
C. capillary: capillaries are tiny single-cell-thick vessels for exchange; lymphatics are larger and have valves.
D. vein: lymphatic vessels have thin walls and valves and operate under low pressure, making them most similar in structure/function to veins.
Which of the following cells function as phagocytes?
A. Macrophages
Macrophages: macrophages are professional phagocytes that engulf pathogens, debris, and dead cells.
B. Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes: lymphocytes mainly provide adaptive immune responses (antibody production, cell-mediated cytotoxicity), not primary phagocytosis.
C. Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport oxygen and do not phagocytose.
D. Mast cells
Mast cells: mast cells release histamine and inflammatory mediators; they are not primary phagocytes.
Full Explanation
A. Macrophages: macrophages are professional phagocytes that engulf pathogens, debris, and dead cells.
B. Lymphocytes: lymphocytes mainly provide adaptive immune responses (antibody production, cell-mediated cytotoxicity), not primary phagocytosis.
C. Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport oxygen and do not phagocytose.
D. Mast cells: mast cells release histamine and inflammatory mediators; they are not primary phagocytes.