Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
In the classification of joints, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
Synarthrotic joints are immovable, not slightly movable. Examples include sutures in the skull. They are designed for stability rather than movement.
B. All synovial joints are freely movable.
Synovial joints are the only type of joint that is always freely movable. They include hinge joints (e.g., elbow), ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulder), and others that allow a wide range of motion due to the presence of a synovial cavity and lubricating fluid.
C. A gomphosis is a freely movable joint.
A gomphosis is a type of fibrous joint found between teeth and their sockets. It is immovable and not freely movable.
D. In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
Cartilaginous joints do not have a joint cavity. They are connected entirely by cartilage and allow limited movement, such as the intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
E. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
Immovable joints are called synarthroses, not amphiarthroses. Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints, such as those between vertebrae.
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Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Synarthrotic joints are immovable, not slightly movable. Examples include sutures in the skull. They are designed for stability rather than movement.
Choice B reason: Synovial joints are the only type of joint that is always freely movable. They include hinge joints (e.g., elbow), ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulder), and others that allow a wide range of motion due to the presence of a synovial cavity and lubricating fluid.
Choice C reason: A gomphosis is a type of fibrous joint found between teeth and their sockets. It is immovable and not freely movable.
Choice D reason: Cartilaginous joints do not have a joint cavity. They are connected entirely by cartilage and allow limited movement, such as the intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
Choice E reason: Immovable joints are called synarthroses, not amphiarthroses. Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints, such as those between vertebrae.
Similar Questions
Which of the following muscles belongs to the hamstrings group?
A. Vastus medialis
Vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps group located in the anterior thigh. It functions in knee extension and does not belong to the hamstrings.
B. Sartorius
Sartorius is a long, thin muscle that runs diagonally across the anterior thigh. It assists in hip and knee flexion but is not part of the hamstrings.
C. Rectus femoris
Rectus femoris is another quadriceps muscle located in the front of the thigh. It helps extend the knee and flex the hip, but it is not a hamstring muscle.
D. Biceps femoris
Biceps femoris is the correct answer. It is one of the three muscles that make up the hamstrings group, located in the posterior thigh. It functions in knee flexion and hip extension.
E. Vastus lateralis
Vastus lateralis is also part of the quadriceps group and contributes to knee extension. It is not a hamstring muscle.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps group located in the anterior thigh. It functions in knee extension and does not belong to the hamstrings.
Choice B reason: Sartorius is a long, thin muscle that runs diagonally across the anterior thigh. It assists in hip and knee flexion but is not part of the hamstrings.
Choice C reason: Rectus femoris is another quadriceps muscle located in the front of the thigh. It helps extend the knee and flex the hip, but it is not a hamstring muscle.
Choice D reason: Biceps femoris is the correct answer. It is one of the three muscles that make up the hamstrings group, located in the posterior thigh. It functions in knee flexion and hip extension.
Choice E reason: Vastus lateralis is also part of the quadriceps group and contributes to knee extension. It is not a hamstring muscle.
Normal chewing in humans involves _____ of the mandible.
A. Protraction and retraction
Protraction and retraction refer to the forward and backward movement of the mandible, which occurs during certain chewing motions but is not the primary movement involved in chewing.
B. Opposition and reposition
Opposition and reposition are movements of the thumb and fingers, not the mandible. They are unrelated to chewing.
C. Elevation and pronation
Pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm, not the mandible. Elevation is correct, but pronation does not apply to jaw movement.
D. Elevation and depression
Elevation and depression are the correct movements involved in chewing. Elevation closes the jaw (biting), and depression opens it (jaw lowering).
E. Supination and depression
Supination is also a forearm movement and does not apply to the mandible. Depression is correct, but supination is irrelevant here.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Protraction and retraction refer to the forward and backward movement of the mandible, which occurs during certain chewing motions but is not the primary movement involved in chewing.
Choice B reason: Opposition and reposition are movements of the thumb and fingers, not the mandible. They are unrelated to chewing.
Choice C reason: Pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm, not the mandible. Elevation is correct, but pronation does not apply to jaw movement.
Choice D reason: Elevation and depression are the correct movements involved in chewing. Elevation closes the jaw (biting), and depression opens it (jaw lowering).
Choice E reason: Supination is also a forearm movement and does not apply to the mandible. Depression is correct, but supination is irrelevant here.
Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by:
A. Forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
Creatine phosphate does not interact directly with myosin. Its role is in energy storage and transfer, not in forming structural compounds with contractile proteins.
B. Breaking down ATP to ADP
ATP is broken down to ADP during muscle contraction, but creatine phosphate does not perform this breakdown. Instead, it helps regenerate ATP from ADP.
C. Storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP
This is the correct answer. Creatine phosphate stores high-energy phosphate groups and donates them to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during short bursts of intense muscular activity.
D. Forming a chemical compound with actin
Creatine phosphate does not form compounds with actin. Its function is metabolic, not structural.
E. Inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments
While ATP binding and hydrolysis induce conformational changes in myofilaments, creatine phosphate itself does not directly cause these changes. It supports ATP regeneration.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Creatine phosphate does not interact directly with myosin. Its role is in energy storage and transfer, not in forming structural compounds with contractile proteins.
Choice B reason: ATP is broken down to ADP during muscle contraction, but creatine phosphate does not perform this breakdown. Instead, it helps regenerate ATP from ADP.
Choice C reason: This is the correct answer. Creatine phosphate stores high-energy phosphate groups and donates them to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during short bursts of intense muscular activity.
Choice D reason: Creatine phosphate does not form compounds with actin. Its function is metabolic, not structural.
Choice E reason: While ATP binding and hydrolysis induce conformational changes in myofilaments, creatine phosphate itself does not directly cause these changes. It supports ATP regeneration.