Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Name the two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks.
A. Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct
Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct: bronchomediastinal and subclavian are lymphatic trunks, not the two major collecting ducts.
B. Right and left thoracic ducts
Right and left thoracic ducts: there is a single thoracic duct (left-sided) and a separate right lymphatic duct; we do not have distinct “right and left thoracic ducts.”
C. Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct: the thoracic duct drains most of the body into the left subclavian vein, and the right lymphatic duct drains the right head/neck, right upper limb, and right thorax into the right subclavian vein.
D. Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct
Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct: “lumbar duct” is not a collecting duct term used in this context, and “left lymphatic duct” is another name sometimes used for the thoracic duct but paired with “lumbar duct” is not the standard two-collector pair.
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Full Explanation
A. Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct: bronchomediastinal and subclavian are lymphatic trunks, not the two major collecting ducts.
B. Right and left thoracic ducts: there is a single thoracic duct (left-sided) and a separate right lymphatic duct; we do not have distinct “right and left thoracic ducts.”
C. Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct: the thoracic duct drains most of the body into the left subclavian vein, and the right lymphatic duct drains the right head/neck, right upper limb, and right thorax into the right subclavian vein.
D. Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct: “lumbar duct” is not a collecting duct term used in this context, and “left lymphatic duct” is another name sometimes used for the thoracic duct but paired with “lumbar duct” is not the standard two-collector pair.
Similar Questions
Which of the following occurs during an adaptive immune response?
A. Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis: phagocytosis is mainly an innate immune function (macrophages, neutrophils) though phagocytes can interact with adaptive immunity.
B. Production of antibodies
Production of antibodies: antibody production by plasma cells (B-cell derived) is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response.
C. Production of interferon
Production of interferon: interferons are part of innate antiviral defenses and are produced early by infected cells and immune cells.
D. Production of defensins
Production of defensins: defensins are innate antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils, not a specific adaptive response.
Full Explanation
A. Phagocytosis: phagocytosis is mainly an innate immune function (macrophages, neutrophils) though phagocytes can interact with adaptive immunity.
B. Production of antibodies: antibody production by plasma cells (B-cell derived) is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response.
C. Production of interferon: interferons are part of innate antiviral defenses and are produced early by infected cells and immune cells.
D. Production of defensins: defensins are innate antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils, not a specific adaptive response.
Which of the following drains lymph from the majority of the body and enters into the left subclavian vein?
A. right lymphatic duct
Right lymphatic duct: the right lymphatic duct drains only the right upper quadrant (right head/neck, right arm, right thorax), not the majority of the body.
B. jugular trunk
Jugular trunk: the jugular trunk drains head/neck regions; it does not itself drain the majority of the body.
C. subclavian trunk
Subclavian trunk: the subclavian trunk drains upper limbs; it is a trunk, not the single duct that collects most lymph from the body.
D. thoracic duct
Thoracic duct: the thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower body, abdomen, left thorax, left head/neck, and left arm (the majority of the body) and empties into the left subclavian vein.
Full Explanation
A. Right lymphatic duct: the right lymphatic duct drains only the right upper quadrant (right head/neck, right arm, right thorax), not the majority of the body.
B. Jugular trunk: the jugular trunk drains head/neck regions; it does not itself drain the majority of the body.
C. Subclavian trunk: the subclavian trunk drains upper limbs; it is a trunk, not the single duct that collects most lymph from the body.
D. Thoracic duct: the thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower body, abdomen, left thorax, left head/neck, and left arm (the majority of the body) and empties into the left subclavian vein.
What is the function of plasma cells?
A. To produce antibody molecules.
To produce antibody molecules: plasma cells are differentiated B cells specialized for synthesizing and secreting antibodies.
B. To directly attack cells displaying antigens.
To directly attack cells displaying antigens: cytotoxic T lymphocytes (and NK cells) directly attack antigen-bearing cells; plasma cells primarily secrete antibodies.
C. To increase the volume of the blood plasma.
To increase the volume of the blood plasma: plasma cell activity does not change plasma volume; they produce proteins (antibodies), not fluid volume.
D. To produce interferon.
To produce interferon: many cell types secrete interferons in response to viral infection (e.g., infected cells, immune cells), but plasma cells are dedicated antibody producers.
Full Explanation
A. To produce antibody molecules: plasma cells are differentiated B cells specialized for synthesizing and secreting antibodies.
B. To directly attack cells displaying antigens: cytotoxic T lymphocytes (and NK cells) directly attack antigen-bearing cells; plasma cells primarily secrete antibodies.
C. To increase the volume of the blood plasma: plasma cell activity does not change plasma volume; they produce proteins (antibodies), not fluid volume.
D. To produce interferon: many cell types secrete interferons in response to viral infection (e.g., infected cells, immune cells), but plasma cells are dedicated antibody producers.