Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
The hormone responsible for maturation of mammary gland tissue is:
A. progesterone.
Progesterone is the hormone that stimulates the development of the alveoli and lobules of the mammary glands during pregnancy. It prepares the breasts for lactation by increasing the number and size of the milk-producing cells.
B. testosterone.
Testosterone is the main male sex hormone that is responsible for the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It has no direct role in the maturation of mammary gland tissue.
C. prolactin.
Prolactin is the hormone that initiates and maintains milk production after childbirth. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to suckling or nipple stimulation. It does not affect the maturation of mammary gland tissue.
D. estrogen.
Estrogen is the hormone that stimulates the growth of the duct system of the mammary glands during puberty and pregnancy. It also promotes the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It does not affect the maturation of mammary gland tissue.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati Maternal Newborn Midterm Proctored Exam 1. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Progesterone is the hormone that stimulates the development of the alveoli and lobules of the mammary glands during pregnancy. It prepares the breasts for lactation by increasing the number and size of the milk-producing cells.
Choice B reason: Testosterone is the main male sex hormone that is responsible for the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It has no direct role in the maturation of mammary gland tissue.
Choice C reason: Prolactin is the hormone that initiates and maintains milk production after childbirth. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to suckling or nipple stimulation. It does not affect the maturation of mammary gland tissue.
Choice D reason: Estrogen is the hormone that stimulates the growth of the duct system of the mammary glands during puberty and pregnancy. It also promotes the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It does not affect the maturation of mammary gland tissue.
Similar Questions
A patient at 24 weeks of gestation says she has a glass of wine with dinner every evening. The nurse will counsel her to eliminate all alcohol intake because:
A. a daily consumption of alcohol indicates a risk for alcoholism.
A daily consumption of alcohol does not necessarily indicate a risk for alcoholism, although it is not recommended for pregnant women. Alcoholism is a chronic disease that involves physical and psychological dependence on alcohol, and it requires more than one criterion to be diagnosed.
B. she will be at risk for abusing other substances as well.
She will not be at risk for abusing other substances as well, unless she has a history or predisposition for substance abuse. Alcohol use during pregnancy does not cause other substance abuse problems, although it may co-occur with them.
C. the fetus is at risk for multiple organ anomalies.
The fetus is not at risk for multiple organ anomalies, unless the mother consumes large amounts of alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy. This can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is characterized by facial dysmorphia, growth retardation, and intellectual disability. However, FAS is rare and not related to moderate alcohol intake during the second trimester.
D. the fetus is placed at risk for altered brain growth.
The fetus is placed at risk for altered brain growth, as alcohol can cross the placenta and affect the developing nervous system of the fetus. Alcohol exposure during the second trimester can impair the formation and migration of neurons, leading to reduced brain size and function. This can result in learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and cognitive impairments in the child.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: A daily consumption of alcohol does not necessarily indicate a risk for alcoholism, although it is not recommended for pregnant women. Alcoholism is a chronic disease that involves physical and psychological dependence on alcohol, and it requires more than one criterion to be diagnosed.
Choice B reason: She will not be at risk for abusing other substances as well, unless she has a history or predisposition for substance abuse. Alcohol use during pregnancy does not cause other substance abuse problems, although it may co-occur with them.
Choice C reason: The fetus is not at risk for multiple organ anomalies, unless the mother consumes large amounts of alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy. This can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is characterized by facial dysmorphia, growth retardation, and intellectual disability. However, FAS is rare and not related to moderate alcohol intake during the second trimester.
Choice D reason: The fetus is placed at risk for altered brain growth, as alcohol can cross the placenta and affect the developing nervous system of the fetus. Alcohol exposure during the second trimester can impair the formation and migration of neurons, leading to reduced brain size and function. This can result in learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and cognitive impairments in the child.
When providing care to a young single woman just diagnosed with acute pelvic inflammatory disease, the nurse should:
A. point out that inappropriate sexual behavior caused the infection.
Pointing out that inappropriate sexual behavior caused the infection is not helpful, as it may make the woman feel guilty, ashamed, or defensive. The nurse should avoid blaming or judging the woman and focus on providing education and support.
B. position the woman in a semi-Fowler position.
Positioning the patient in a semi-Fowler position (head of the bed elevated 30–45 degrees) helps promote drainage of pelvic exudate and reduces the risk of abscess formation or further spread of infection. This is a key nursing intervention for patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
C. tell her that antibiotics need to be taken until pelvic pain is relieved.
Telling her that antibiotics need to be taken until pelvic pain is relieved is incorrect, as it may lead to incomplete treatment and recurrence of the infection. The nurse should instruct the woman to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, regardless of the symptoms.
D. explain to the woman that infertility is a likely outcome of this type of infection.
While infertility is a potential complication of PID, it is not a guaranteed outcome. The nurse should provide accurate information about risks but avoid causing unnecessary alarm. The focus should be on prompt treatment and prevention of complications.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Pointing out that inappropriate sexual behavior caused the infection is not helpful, as it may make the woman feel guilty, ashamed, or defensive. The nurse should avoid blaming or judging the woman and focus on providing education and support.
Choice B reason: Positioning the patient in a semi-Fowler position (head of the bed elevated 30–45 degrees) helps promote drainage of pelvic exudate and reduces the risk of abscess formation or further spread of infection. This is a key nursing intervention for patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Choice C reason: Telling her that antibiotics need to be taken until pelvic pain is relieved is incorrect, as it may lead to incomplete treatment and recurrence of the infection. The nurse should instruct the woman to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, regardless of the symptoms.
Choice D reason: While infertility is a potential complication of PID, it is not a guaranteed outcome. The nurse should provide accurate information about risks but avoid causing unnecessary alarm. The focus should be on prompt treatment and prevention of complications.
A nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates an understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:
A. quickening.
Quickening is the first perception of fetal movement by the mother, usually occurring between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. It is a presumptive sign of pregnancy, as it can be subjective and influenced by other factors such as gas or peristalsis.
B. a positive pregnancy test.
A positive pregnancy test is a probable sign of pregnancy, as it indicates the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the urine or blood. However, it is not conclusive, as it can be affected by false positives or false negatives, or by other conditions that produce hCG.
C. Braxton Hicks contractions.
Braxton Hicks contractions are irregular, painless uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy. They are a probable sign of pregnancy, as they indicate uterine activity and preparation for labor. However, they are not diagnostic, as they can also occur in non-pregnant women or in response to other stimuli.
D. fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife.
Fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife is a positive sign of pregnancy, as it confirms the presence of a living fetus in the uterus. It is an objective and reliable sign that can be detected by a skilled examiner after 20 weeks of gestation.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Quickening is the first perception of fetal movement by the mother, usually occurring between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. It is a presumptive sign of pregnancy, as it can be subjective and influenced by other factors such as gas or peristalsis.
Choice B reason: A positive pregnancy test is a probable sign of pregnancy, as it indicates the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the urine or blood. However, it is not conclusive, as it can be affected by false positives or false negatives, or by other conditions that produce hCG.
Choice C reason: Braxton Hicks contractions are irregular, painless uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy. They are a probable sign of pregnancy, as they indicate uterine activity and preparation for labor. However, they are not diagnostic, as they can also occur in non-pregnant women or in response to other stimuli.
Choice D reason: Fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife is a positive sign of pregnancy, as it confirms the presence of a living fetus in the uterus. It is an objective and reliable sign that can be detected by a skilled examiner after 20 weeks of gestation.