Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?
A. Increases insulin release from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon secretion, and decreases gastric emptying.
Metformin does not significantly affect insulin release from the pancreas or glucagon secretion but reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity in tissues.
B. Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity.
Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving the body's response to insulin, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.
C. Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine.
Metformin does not notably slow carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.
D. Increases insulin production from the pancreas.
Metformin does not directly increase insulin production from the pancreas.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Interprofessional Care of the Client and Family Across the Lifespan II Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale: Metformin does not significantly affect insulin release from the pancreas or glucagon secretion but reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity in tissues.
Choice B rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving the body's response to insulin, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.
Choice C rationale: Metformin does not notably slow carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.
Choice D rationale: Metformin does not directly increase insulin production from the pancreas.
Similar Questions
A client who is fully awake after a gastroscopy asks the nurse for something to drink.
After confirming that liquids are allowed, which assessment action should the nurse consider a priority before offering oral intake?
A. Provide thickened fluids with a straw.
Providing thickened fluids with a straw is more related to swallowing difficulties and is not the priority in this context.
B. Listen to bilateral lung and bowel sounds.
While assessing lung and bowel sounds is important, it's not directly related to offering oral intake after a gastroscopy.
C. Check the client's Hypoglossal nerve and Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve function.
Assessing the Hypoglossal nerve and Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve function isn't directly related to offering oral intake post-gastroscopy.
D. Check the client's Glossopharyngeal nerve and Vagus cranial nerve function.
Checking the client's Glossopharyngeal nerve and Vagus cranial nerve function is crucial as these nerves play roles in swallowing, taste, and the gag reflex, which are important before allowing oral intake post-gastroscopy.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale: Providing thickened fluids with a straw is more related to swallowing difficulties and is not the priority in this context.
Choice B rationale: While assessing lung and bowel sounds is important, it's not directly related to offering oral intake after a gastroscopy.
Choice C rationale: Assessing the Hypoglossal nerve and Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve function isn't directly related to offering oral intake post-gastroscopy.
Choice D rationale: Checking the client's Glossopharyngeal nerve and Vagus cranial nerve function is crucial as these nerves play roles in swallowing, taste, and the gag reflex, which are important before allowing oral intake post-gastroscopy.
A client is discharged to home following hospitalization for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement to assist with nutrition. The client's primary diagnosis is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The client can transfer from the bed to a chair but can't walk.
The client and their family are concerned about the client's ability to maintain mobility at the highest possible level following a surgical procedure. The nursing diagnosis most appropriate for this client is ...
A. Impaired physical mobility related to decreased motor agility secondary to ALS as manifested by inability to ambulate.
In ALS, impaired physical mobility due to decreased motor agility and the inability to ambulate is a direct consequence of the disease.
B. Hopelessness related to impaired ability to cope.
Hopelessness might be a possible emotional response but doesn't address the client's physical limitations due to ALS.
C. Caregiver role strain related to care recipient's unrealistic expectations of caregiver.
Caregiver role strain is related to the family's ability to manage caregiving responsibilities and is not the primary concern for the client's physical mobility.
D. Impaired memory related to reduced quality and quantity of information processed.
Impaired memory is not the primary issue in ALS; the client's inability to ambulate due to decreased motor function is the main focus for this nursing diagnosis.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale: In ALS, impaired physical mobility due to decreased motor agility and the inability to ambulate is a direct consequence of the disease.
Choice B rationale: Hopelessness might be a possible emotional response but doesn't address the client's physical limitations due to ALS.
Choice C rationale: Caregiver role strain is related to the family's ability to manage caregiving responsibilities and is not the primary concern for the client's physical mobility.
Choice D rationale: Impaired memory is not the primary issue in ALS; the client's inability to ambulate due to decreased motor function is the main focus for this nursing diagnosis.
The nurse is caring for a 67-year-old client in the medical-surgical unit following hemodialysis.
The nurse reviews the nursing note, vital signs, assessment, and medical history
Which clinical data is most concerning to the nurse? Select all that apply
A. A/V fistula assessment
A/V fistula assessment is not concerning because a positive bruit and thrill indicate adequate blood flow through the fistula. A dry dressing with scant amount of blood is expected after hemodialysis.
B. Blood pressure
The client's low blood pressure could indicate hypotension, which can be critical, especially after hemodialysis. It may contribute to the client's reported dizziness and fatigue.
C. Pulse
The client’s pulse is irregular which may indicate cardiac arrhythmia.
D. Anuria
Anuria, the absence of urine output, is a significant concern. It could indicate kidney dysfunction or inadequate clearance of waste products, which may have implications following hemodialysis.
E. Oxygen saturation
Oxygen saturation at 92% is relatively low. While the client is alert and oriented, a low oxygen saturation level may indicate potential respiratory compromise or inadequate oxygenation.
F. Temperature
Temperature is not concerning because it is within normal range.
G. Neurological assessment
Neurological assessment is not concerning because the client is alert and oriented. The dizziness is likely related to the hypotension and will resolve once the blood pressure is stabilized.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale: A/V fistula assessment is not concerning because a positive bruit and thrill indicate adequate blood flow through the fistula. A dry dressing with scant amount of blood is expected after hemodialysis.
Choice B rationale: The client's low blood pressure could indicate hypotension, which can be critical, especially after hemodialysis. It may contribute to the client's reported dizziness and fatigue.
Choice C rationale: The client’s pulse is irregular which may indicate cardiac arrhythmia. Choice D rationale: Anuria, the absence of urine output, is a significant concern. It could indicate kidney dysfunction or inadequate clearance of waste products, which may have implications following hemodialysis.
Choice E rationale: Oxygen saturation at 92% is relatively low. While the client is alert and oriented, a low oxygen saturation level may indicate potential respiratory compromise or inadequate oxygenation.
Choice F rationale: Temperature is not concerning because it is within normal range.
Choice G rationale: Neurological assessment is not concerning because the client is alert and oriented. The dizziness is likely related to the hypotension and will resolve once the blood pressure is stabilized.