Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
The nurse is performing an assessment on a child and notes the presence of Koplik’s spots. In which communicable disease are Koplik’s spots present?
A. Rubella
This is wrong because rubella is a different viral infection that causes a mild rash and fever, but does not have Koplik’s spots.
B. Measles (rubeola)
Measles (rubeola) is a communicable disease that is characterized by Koplik’s spots, which are clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa opposite the lower molars. They appear two to three days before the measles rash and are pathognomonic for measles. Choice A is wrong because rubella is a different viral infection that causes a mild rash and fever, but does not have Koplik’s spots.
C. Chickenpox (varicella)
This is wrong because chickenpox (varicella) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and produces fluid-filled blisters on the skin, not white spots in the mouth.
D. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
This is wrong because exanthema subitum (roseola) is caused by the human herpesvirus 6 or 7 and causes a high fever followed by a pink rash on the trunk and neck, but no oral lesions.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - OB Pediatric Cumulative Exam Test 4 V 1 2023 Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Measles (rubeola) is a communicable disease that is characterized by Koplik’s spots, which are clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa opposite the lower molars. They appear two to three days before the measles rash and are pathognomonic for measles.
Choice A is wrong because rubella is a different viral infection that causes a mild rash and fever, but does not have Koplik’s spots.
Choice C is wrong because chickenpox (varicella) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and produces fluid-filled blisters on the skin, not white spots in the mouth.
Choice D is wrong because exanthema subitum (roseola) is caused by the human herpesvirus 6 or 7 and causes a high fever followed by a pink rash on the trunk and neck, but no oral lesions.
Similar Questions
Parents of a school-age child with hemophilia ask the nurse, “Which sports are recommended for children with hemophilia?” Which sport should the nurse recommend?
A. Soccer
This is wrong because soccer is a contact sport that can cause injuries and bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia. Soccer is not recommended by most sports physicians or hematologists for patients with hemophilia.
B. Swimming
Swimming is one of the best sports for people with hemophilia because it strengthens the muscles without putting stress on the joints. Swimming is also recommended by most sports physicians and hematologists for patients with hemophilia.
C. Basketball
This is wrong because basketball is also a contact sport that can lead to injuries and bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia. Basketball may be safe for young children, but the risk increases with the intensity of the game.
D. Football
This is wrong because football is a collision sport that can cause severe injuries and bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia. Football is not recommended by most sports physicians or hematologists for patients with hemophilia. Normal ranges for hemophilia are: Mild hemophilia: 5% to 40% of normal clotting factor Moderate hemophilia: 1% to 5% of normal clotting factor Severe hemophilia: less than 1% of normal clotting factor
Full Explanation
Swimming is one of the best sports for people with hemophilia because it strengthens the muscles without putting stress on the joints. Swimming is also recommended by most sports physicians and hematologists for patients with hemophilia.
Choice A is wrong because soccer is a contact sport that can cause injuries and bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia. Soccer is not recommended by most sports physicians or hematologists for patients with hemophilia.
Choice C is wrong because basketball is also a contact sport that can lead to injuries and bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia. Basketball may be safe for young children, but the risk increases with the intensity of the game.
Choice D is wrong because football is a collision sport that can cause severe injuries and bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia. Football is not recommended by most sports physicians or hematologists for patients with hemophilia.
Normal ranges for hemophilia are:
- Mild hemophilia: 5% to 40% of normal clotting factor
- Moderate hemophilia: 1% to 5% of normal clotting factor
Severe hemophilia: less than 1% of normal clotting factor
What should a nurse advise the parents of a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus who is not eating as a result of a minor illness?
A. Give the child half his regular morning dose of insulin
This is wrong because giving the child half his regular morning dose of insulin can lead to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
B. Substitute simple carbohydrates or calorie-containing liquids for solid foods
The child should receive his regular dose of insulin even if he does not have an appetite. If the child is not eating as usual, he needs calories to prevent hypoglycemia. During periods of minor illness, the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus can be managed safely at home.
C. Give the child plenty of unsweetened, clear liquids to prevent dehydration
This is wrong because giving the child plenty of unsweetened, clear liquids to prevent dehydration can also cause hypoglycemia.
D. Take the child directly to the emergency department
This is wrong because taking the child directly to the emergency department is not necessary unless the child has signs of severe dehydration, vomiting, abdominal
Full Explanation
The child should receive his regular dose of insulin even if he does not have an appetite. If the child is not eating as usual, he needs calories to prevent hypoglycemia. During periods of minor illness, the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus can be managed safely at home.
Choice A is wrong because giving the child half his regular morning dose of insulin can lead to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
Choice C is wrong because giving the child plenty of unsweetened, clear liquids to prevent dehydration can also cause hypoglycemia.
Choice D is wrong because taking the child directly to the emergency department is not necessary unless the child has signs of severe dehydration, vomiting, abdominal
During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes.
The nurse should recognize that this is:.
A. A normal finding
A brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes is a sign of a healthy retina and optic nerve. The red reflex is the reflection of light from the retina that varies in color depending on the patient’s skin tone. It can be seen by holding the ophthalmoscope directly in front of your eye and asking the patient to focus on a point in the distance.
B. An abnormal finding: the child needs referral to an ophthalmologist
Thisis wrong because an abnormal finding would be an absent or asymmetric red reflex, which could indicate cataracts, retinal detachment, or other eye diseases.
C. A sign of a possible visual defect; the child needs vision screening
Thisis wrong because a possible visual defect would not affect the red reflex, but rather the visual acuity or field of vision of the patient. A vision screening would involve testing the patient’s ability to read letters or numbers at different distances.
D. A sign of small hemorrhages, which usually resolve spontaneously
This is wrong because small hemorrhages would not cause a brilliant, uniform red reflex, but rather dark spots or blotches on the retina that can be seen with the ophthalmoscope. Hemorrhages can be caused by diabetes, hypertension, or trauma.
Full Explanation
A brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes is a sign of a healthy retina and optic nerve. The red reflex is the reflection of light from the retina that varies in color depending on the patient’s skin tone. It can be seen by holding the ophthalmoscope directly in front of your eye and asking the patient to focus on a point in the distance.
Choice B is wrong because an abnormal finding would be an absent or asymmetric red reflex, which could indicate cataracts, retinal detachment, or other eye diseases.
Choice C is wrong because a possible visual defect would not affect the red reflex, but rather the visual acuity or field of vision of the patient.
A vision screening would involve testing the patient’s ability to read letters or numbers at different distances.
Choice D is wrong because small hemorrhages would not cause a brilliant, uniform red reflex, but rather dark spots or blotches on the retina that can be seen with the ophthalmoscope.
Hemorrhages can be caused by diabetes, hypertension, or trauma.