Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
The outermost layer of the digestive tract, which is composed of a thin layer of areola tissue:
A. mucosa (mucous membrane)
Mucosa (mucous membrane): The mucosa is the innermost layer of the digestive tract, not the outermost. It includes the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
B. serosa (mesentery)
Serosa (mesentery): The serosa is the outermost layer of the digestive tract in parts where it is covered by peritoneum. It consists of a thin layer of areolar tissue topped by simple squamous epithelium.
C. muscularis externa
Muscularis externa: The muscularis externa is a layer of muscle in the digestive tract, located beneath the serosa. It is not the outermost layer.
D. submucosa
Submucosa: The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue located between the mucosa and muscularis externa. It is not the outermost layer.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Anatomy and physiology proctored exam ( hellen fluid college). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Mucosa (mucous membrane): The mucosa is the innermost layer of the digestive tract, not the outermost. It includes the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
B. Serosa (mesentery): The serosa is the outermost layer of the digestive tract in parts where it is covered by peritoneum. It consists of a thin layer of areolar tissue topped by simple squamous epithelium.
C. Muscularis externa: The muscularis externa is a layer of muscle in the digestive tract, located beneath the serosa. It is not the outermost layer.
D. Submucosa: The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue located between the mucosa and muscularis externa. It is not the outermost layer.
Similar Questions
Twins produced when a single egg is fertilized are called ______________twins. Twins produced from two eggs ovulated at the same time are called ______________ twins.
A. monozygotic; dizygotic
Monozygotic; dizygotic: Monozygotic twins are identical twins that result from the division of a single fertilized egg. Dizygotic twins, or fraternal twins, result from the fertilization of two separate eggs.
B. dizygotic; monozygotic
Dizygotic; monozygotic: This is the reverse of the correct order. Dizygotic twins come from two eggs, and monozygotic twins come from one egg.
C. monozygotic; identical
Monozygotic; identical: Monozygotic twins are identical, but this choice does not mention dizygotic twins, which makes it incomplete.
D. dizygotic; nonidentical
Dizygotic; nonidentical: While dizygotic twins are nonidentical, this choice does not properly define the types of twins produced by a single egg (monozygotic).
Full Explanation
A. Monozygotic; dizygotic: Monozygotic twins are identical twins that result from the division of a single fertilized egg. Dizygotic twins, or fraternal twins, result from the fertilization of two separate eggs.
B. Dizygotic; monozygotic: This is the reverse of the correct order. Dizygotic twins come from two eggs, and monozygotic twins come from one egg.
C. Monozygotic; identical: Monozygotic twins are identical, but this choice does not mention dizygotic twins, which makes it incomplete.
D. Dizygotic; nonidentical: While dizygotic twins are nonidentical, this choice does not properly define the types of twins produced by a single egg (monozygotic).
Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCI)?
A. Destroy ingested pathogens
Destroy ingested pathogens: HCl in the stomach helps destroy ingested pathogens, providing a first line of defense against infections. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
B. Convert Fe3+ to Fe2+
Convert Fe3+ to Fe2+: HCl aids in the conversion of iron from its ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) form, which is more easily absorbed in the intestine. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
C. Emulsify lipids
Emulsify lipids: Emulsification of lipids is the function of bile, not hydrochloric acid. HCl does not emulsify lipids. This is the correct answer.
D. Activate pepsinogen to pepsin
Activate pepsinogen to pepsin: HCl activates pepsinogen, converting it to the active enzyme pepsin, which is essential for protein digestion in the stomach. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
Full Explanation
A. Destroy ingested pathogens: HCl in the stomach helps destroy ingested pathogens, providing a first line of defense against infections. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
B. Convert Fe3+ to Fe2+: HCl aids in the conversion of iron from its ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) form, which is more easily absorbed in the intestine. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
C. Emulsify lipids: Emulsification of lipids is the function of bile, not hydrochloric acid. HCl does not emulsify lipids. This is the correct answer.
D. Activate pepsinogen to pepsin: HCl activates pepsinogen, converting it to the active enzyme pepsin, which is essential for protein digestion in the stomach. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
Where does HDL in the body come from?
A. The small intestine
The small intestine absorbs lipids but does not produce HDL (high-density lipoprotein).
B. The pancreas
The pancreas produces enzymes and hormones, but it does not produce HDL.
C. The liver
The liver is the primary organ responsible for the synthesis of HDL. HDL is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, carrying cholesterol from tissues back to the liver.
D. The gallbladder
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile but does not produce HDL.
Full Explanation
A. The small intestine absorbs lipids but does not produce HDL (high-density lipoprotein).
B. The pancreas produces enzymes and hormones, but it does not produce HDL.
C. The liver is the primary organ responsible for the synthesis of HDL. HDL is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, carrying cholesterol from tissues back to the liver.
D. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile but does not produce HDL.