Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
The presence of which of the following, in the alveoli ensure that particles brought in with inhaled air are removed?
A. macrophages
Macrophages -Alveolar macrophages (dust cells) engulf debris, dust, and pathogens.
B. surfactant
Surfactant -Surfactant reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse, but does not remove particles.
C. antibodies
Antibodies -Antibodies neutralize pathogens but do not actively remove inhaled particles.
D. lymphocytes
Lymphocytes -Lymphocytes mediate immune responses but are not the main mechanism for clearing inhaled debris.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Anatomy and physiology proctored exam (Ivy college). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Macrophages -Alveolar macrophages (dust cells) engulf debris, dust, and pathogens.
B. Surfactant -Surfactant reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse, but does not remove particles.
C. Antibodies -Antibodies neutralize pathogens but do not actively remove inhaled particles.
D. Lymphocytes -Lymphocytes mediate immune responses but are not the main mechanism for clearing inhaled debris.
Similar Questions
Where are the respiratory control areas located?
A. Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus -The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions like temperature, but not primary breathing rhythms.
B. Pons and medulla oblongata
Pons and medulla oblongata -The medulla sets the basic rhythm of breathing, and the pons fine-tunes it.
C. Alveoli
Alveoli -Alveoli are sites of gas exchange, not neural control.
D. Cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex -The cortex allows voluntary control of breathing but is not the main respiratory control center.
Full Explanation
A. Hypothalamus -The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions like temperature, but not primary breathing rhythms.
B. Pons and medulla oblongata -The medulla sets the basic rhythm of breathing, and the pons fine-tunes it.
C. Alveoli -Alveoli are sites of gas exchange, not neural control.
D. Cerebral cortex -The cortex allows voluntary control of breathing but is not the main respiratory control center.
Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation.
A. Minute ventilation is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that moved into the respiratory passages each minute.
Minute ventilation is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that moved into the respiratory passages each minute. Reversed definitions.
B. Minute ventilation is the number of breaths taken each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the amount of air in the alveoli each minute.
Minute ventilation is the number of breaths taken each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the amount of air in the alveoli each minute. Minute ventilation is volume, not rate.
C. Minute ventilation is the volume of air moved into the upper respiratory tract each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air moved into the lower respiratory tract each minute.
Minute ventilation is the volume of air moved into the upper respiratory tract each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air moved into the lower respiratory tract each minute. Both definitions are wrong.
D. Minute ventilation is the volume of air moved into the respiratory passages each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that reaches
Minute ventilation is the volume of air moved into the respiratory passages each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute. Minute ventilation = tidal volume × respiratory rate; alveolar ventilation accounts for dead space.
Full Explanation
A. Minute ventilation is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that moved into the respiratory passages each minute. Reversed definitions.
B. Minute ventilation is the number of breaths taken each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the amount of air in the alveoli each minute. Minute ventilation is volume, not rate.
C. Minute ventilation is the volume of air moved into the upper respiratory tract each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air moved into the lower respiratory tract each minute. Both definitions are wrong.
D. Minute ventilation is the volume of air moved into the respiratory passages each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute. Minute ventilation = tidal volume × respiratory rate; alveolar ventilation accounts for dead space.
What drives the air out of the lungs during quiet expiration?
A. Contraction of smooth muscles in airways
Contraction of smooth muscles in airways -Smooth muscle constriction occurs in forced breathing or pathology, not quiet expiration.
B. Surface tension and the elastic recoil of lung tissues
Surface tension and the elastic recoil of lung tissues -Quiet expiration is passive, driven by elastic recoil and alveolar surface tension.
C. Contraction of the diaphragm
Contraction of the diaphragm -The diaphragm relaxes during expiration.
D. Contraction of the external intercostal muscles
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles -These contract during inspiration, not expiration.
Full Explanation
A. Contraction of smooth muscles in airways -Smooth muscle constriction occurs in forced breathing or pathology, not quiet expiration.
B. Surface tension and the elastic recoil of lung tissues -Quiet expiration is passive, driven by elastic recoil and alveolar surface tension.
C. Contraction of the diaphragm -The diaphragm relaxes during expiration.
D. Contraction of the external intercostal muscles -These contract during inspiration, not expiration.