Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Water output is largely controlled by varying
A. cutaneous transpiration
Cutaneous transpiration: While cutaneous transpiration (evaporation of sweat from the skin) contributes to water loss, it is not the primary mechanism controlling water output.
B. drinking
Drinking: Drinking affects water intake rather than output. It does not directly control how much water is excreted from the body.
C. urine volume
Urine volume: Urine volume is the primary means by which the body regulates water output. The kidneys adjust urine volume to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis.
D. sweating
Sweating: Sweating contributes to water loss but is not the primary mechanism for controlling overall water output compared to urine production.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Anatomy and physiology proctored exam ( hellen fluid college). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Cutaneous transpiration: While cutaneous transpiration (evaporation of sweat from the skin) contributes to water loss, it is not the primary mechanism controlling water output.
B. Drinking: Drinking affects water intake rather than output. It does not directly control how much water is excreted from the body.
C. Urine volume: Urine volume is the primary means by which the body regulates water output. The kidneys adjust urine volume to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis.
D. Sweating: Sweating contributes to water loss but is not the primary mechanism for controlling overall water output compared to urine production.
Similar Questions
___________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete_____________
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) of the testes to produce and secrete testosterone.
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP): Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the Sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP), but it does not stimulate the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone.
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP): Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of testosterone, not androgen-binding protein (ABP). ABP is stimulated by FSH.
D. Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of testosterone, not estrogen. Estrogen is primarily produced in females and also in males in smaller amounts.
Full Explanation
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) of the testes to produce and secrete testosterone.
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP): Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the Sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP), but it does not stimulate the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone.
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP): Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of testosterone, not androgen-binding protein (ABP). ABP is stimulated by FSH.
D. Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of testosterone, not estrogen. Estrogen is primarily produced in females and also in males in smaller amounts.
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?
A. It stimulates angiotensin II secretion.
It stimulates angiotensin II secretion: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) does not directly stimulate angiotensin II secretion; instead, it acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption.
B. It promotes water conservation.
It promotes water conservation: ADH promotes water conservation by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output, and thus helping to maintain fluid balance.
C. It inhibits salivation and thirst.
It inhibits salivation and thirst: ADH does not inhibit salivation or thirst; in fact, it can increase thirst to encourage fluid intake when dehydration is detected.
D. It stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors.
It stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors: While ADH affects hypothalamic osmoreceptors indirectly by promoting water retention, its primary function is to act on the kidneys to conserve water.
Full Explanation
A. It stimulates angiotensin II secretion: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) does not directly stimulate angiotensin II secretion; instead, it acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption.
B. It promotes water conservation: ADH promotes water conservation by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output, and thus helping to maintain fluid balance.
C. It inhibits salivation and thirst: ADH does not inhibit salivation or thirst; in fact, it can increase thirst to encourage fluid intake when dehydration is detected.
D. It stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors: While ADH affects hypothalamic osmoreceptors indirectly by promoting water retention, its primary function is to act on the kidneys to conserve water.
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the____________ whereas protein digestion begins in the ___________.
A. liver; small intestine
Liver; small intestine: Carbohydrate and protein digestion do not begin in the liver or the small intestine. The liver is involved in metabolism but not in the initial digestion of carbohydrates or proteins.
B. mouth; stomach
Mouth; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, while protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin.
C. small intestine; stomach
Small intestine; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and not the small intestine. Protein digestion starts in the stomach, not the small intestine.
D. mouth; small intestine
Mouth; small intestine: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, but protein digestion begins in the stomach, not the small intestine.
Full Explanation
A. Liver; small intestine: Carbohydrate and protein digestion do not begin in the liver or the small intestine. The liver is involved in metabolism but not in the initial digestion of carbohydrates or proteins.
B. Mouth; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, while protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin.
C. Small intestine; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and not the small intestine. Protein digestion starts in the stomach, not the small intestine.
D. Mouth; small intestine: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, but protein digestion begins in the stomach, not the small intestine.