Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
What is the normal pH of blood?
A. 7.3 to 7.5
7.3 to 7.5: Correct (closest choice) -normal arterial blood pH is about 7.35–7.45, so 7.3–7.5 best matches the normal range given.
B. 7.6 to 7.8
7.6 to 7.8: this is alkalotic and well above normal physiologic range.
C. 6.8 to 7.0
6.8 to 7.0: this is severely acidotic and below normal.
D. 7.0 to 7.2
7.0 to 7.2: still acidotic and below the normal physiological range.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Anatomy and physiology proctored exam (Ivy college). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. 7.3 to 7.5: Correct (closest choice) -normal arterial blood pH is about 7.35–7.45, so 7.3–7.5 best matches the normal range given.
B. 7.6 to 7.8: this is alkalotic and well above normal physiologic range.
C. 6.8 to 7.0: this is severely acidotic and below normal.
D. 7.0 to 7.2: still acidotic and below the normal physiological range.
Similar Questions
What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
A. To produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots.
To produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots: fibrinolytic enzymes (e.g., plasmin) handle clot breakdown; lymphocytes are not responsible for that.
B. To act against foreign substances.
To act against foreign substances: lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, NK cells) are central to adaptive immunity and target pathogens/foreign antigens.
C. To phagocytize damaged cells.
To phagocytize damaged cells: phagocytosis is mainly done by macrophages and neutrophils, not lymphocytes.
D. To release substances that initiate blood clots.
To release substances that initiate blood clots: platelets and clotting factor pathways initiate clotting; lymphocytes do not.
Full Explanation
A. To produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots: fibrinolytic enzymes (e.g., plasmin) handle clot breakdown; lymphocytes are not responsible for that.
B. To act against foreign substances: lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, NK cells) are central to adaptive immunity and target pathogens/foreign antigens.
C. To phagocytize damaged cells: phagocytosis is mainly done by macrophages and neutrophils, not lymphocytes.
D. To release substances that initiate blood clots: platelets and clotting factor pathways initiate clotting; lymphocytes do not.
Grant has a condition in which his immune system has attacked and destroyed his thyroid gland. This is an example of a(n)
A. autoimmune disease
autoimmune disease: when the immune system targets the body’s own tissues (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis), it is classified as an autoimmune disease.
B. tissue rejection reaction
tissue rejection reaction: tissue rejection refers to immune attack against a transplanted (non-self) organ, not the person’s own tissue.
C. secondary immune response
secondary immune response: a secondary immune response refers to the heightened response on re-exposure to an antigen (memory response), not self-destruction of an organ.
D. type IV hypersensitivity
type IV hypersensitivity: some autoimmune diseases involve cell-mediated (type IV) mechanisms, but autoimmune disease is the broader correct classification; not all autoimmune thyroid destruction is exclusively type IV.
Full Explanation
A. autoimmune disease: when the immune system targets the body’s own tissues (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis), it is classified as an autoimmune disease.
B. tissue rejection reaction: tissue rejection refers to immune attack against a transplanted (non-self) organ, not the person’s own tissue.
C. secondary immune response: a secondary immune response refers to the heightened response on re-exposure to an antigen (memory response), not self-destruction of an organ.
D. type IV hypersensitivity: some autoimmune diseases involve cell-mediated (type IV) mechanisms, but autoimmune disease is the broader correct classification; not all autoimmune thyroid destruction is exclusively type IV.
Which of the following is not a chemical barrier?
A. enzymes
enzymes: many enzymes (e.g., lysozyme in saliva/tears) are chemical barriers to microbes.
B. complement
complement: the complement system is a set of plasma proteins that chemically attack pathogens (a chemical innate defense).
C. interferons
interferons: interferons are signaling proteins that help inhibit viral replication and are considered chemical immune defenses.
D. ciliated epithelium
ciliated epithelium: ciliated epithelium is a physical/mechanical barrier (moves mucus and trapped particles), not a chemical barrier.
Full Explanation
A. enzymes: many enzymes (e.g., lysozyme in saliva/tears) are chemical barriers to microbes.
B. complement: the complement system is a set of plasma proteins that chemically attack pathogens (a chemical innate defense).
C. interferons: interferons are signaling proteins that help inhibit viral replication and are considered chemical immune defenses.
D. ciliated epithelium: ciliated epithelium is a physical/mechanical barrier (moves mucus and trapped particles), not a chemical barrier.