Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
What should the nurse ask the patient about to determine possible causes of acute glomerulonephritis?
A. History of high blood pressure
A history of high blood pressure is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease but not specifically for acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is more commonly associated with infections.
B. Recent sore throat and fever
A recent sore throat and fever, especially if caused by a streptococcal infection, can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This is a well-documented cause of acute glomerulonephritis, making it the correct answer.
C. Recent bladder infection
While bladder infections can lead to urinary tract infections, they are not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis. This condition is more commonly related to infections that can cause a systemic immune response.
D. History of kidney stones
A history of kidney stones is associated with chronic kidney issues and can lead to infections, but it is not a direct cause of acute glomerulonephritis. This condition is usually caused by an immune response to an infection elsewhere in the body.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Ati Med Surg Proctored Exam Midterm Rn 36 1125. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
A history of high blood pressure is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease but not specifically for acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is more commonly associated with infections.
Choice B rationale
A recent sore throat and fever, especially if caused by a streptococcal infection, can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This is a well-documented cause of acute glomerulonephritis, making it the correct answer.
Choice C rationale
While bladder infections can lead to urinary tract infections, they are not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis. This condition is more commonly related to infections that can cause a systemic immune response.
Choice D rationale
A history of kidney stones is associated with chronic kidney issues and can lead to infections, but it is not a direct cause of acute glomerulonephritis. This condition is usually caused by an immune response to an infection elsewhere in the body.
Similar Questions
Which action will the nurse take when assessing a patient with possible oral cancer?
A. Palpate over the maxillary sinuses.
Palpating over the maxillary sinuses is not typically associated with oral cancer assessment. This action is more relevant to sinus issues and does not provide information about oral cancer.
B. Ask about a productive cough.
Asking about a productive cough can be relevant in assessing respiratory conditions but is not a direct method for evaluating oral cancer. Oral cancer symptoms are more localized to the mouth area.
C. Observe for purulent nasal drainage.
Observing for purulent nasal drainage is not a standard action in assessing for oral cancer. Nasal drainage would be more indicative of sinus or respiratory issues, not oral pathology.
D. Check the mouth for leukoplakia.
Checking the mouth for leukoplakia is a key action when assessing for oral cancer. Leukoplakia presents as thickened, white patches inside the mouth and can be precancerous, making it a critical observation in potential oral cancer cases.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
Palpating over the maxillary sinuses is not typically associated with oral cancer assessment. This action is more relevant to sinus issues and does not provide information about oral cancer.
Choice B rationale
Asking about a productive cough can be relevant in assessing respiratory conditions but is not a direct method for evaluating oral cancer. Oral cancer symptoms are more localized to the mouth area.
Choice C rationale
Observing for purulent nasal drainage is not a standard action in assessing for oral cancer. Nasal drainage would be more indicative of sinus or respiratory issues, not oral pathology.
Choice D rationale
Checking the mouth for leukoplakia is a key action when assessing for oral cancer. Leukoplakia presents as thickened, white patches inside the mouth and can be precancerous, making it a critical observation in potential oral cancer cases.
A 72-year-old patient was admitted with epigastric pain caused by a peptic ulcer. Which patient assessment warrants an urgent change in the nursing plan of care?
A. Chest pain relieved with eating or drinking water
Chest pain that is relieved with eating or drinking water is not typically indicative of a complication from a peptic ulcer. This symptom may be related to conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
B. Burning epigastric pain 90 minutes after breakfast
Burning epigastric pain after eating is a common symptom of a peptic ulcer and, while uncomfortable, does not usually require an urgent change in the plan of care unless it significantly worsens or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
C. Back pain three or four hours after eating a meal
Back pain after eating can be associated with a peptic ulcer if the ulcer is located at the back of the stomach or the pain radiates; however, it does not typically warrant an urgent change in care without other symptoms.
D. Rigid abdomen and vomiting following indigestion
A rigid abdomen and vomiting following indigestion can indicate a perforated ulcer, which is a medical emergency. This requires immediate intervention and possibly surgical consultation, thus warranting an urgent change in the nursing plan of care.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
Chest pain that is relieved with eating or drinking water is not typically indicative of a complication from a peptic ulcer. This symptom may be related to conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Choice B rationale
Burning epigastric pain after eating is a common symptom of a peptic ulcer and, while uncomfortable, does not usually require an urgent change in the plan of care unless it significantly worsens or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
Choice C rationale
Back pain after eating can be associated with a peptic ulcer if the ulcer is located at the back of the stomach or the pain radiates; however, it does not typically warrant an urgent change in care without other symptoms.
Choice D rationale
A rigid abdomen and vomiting following indigestion can indicate a perforated ulcer, which is a medical emergency. This requires immediate intervention and possibly surgical consultation, thus warranting an urgent change in the nursing plan of care.
A 55-year-old patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is scheduled to receive a prescribed dose of epoetin alfa (Procrit). Which statement should the nurse include in her teaching about this medication?
A. "This medication will need to be stored at room temperature."
Storing the medication at room temperature is a practical instruction but does not explain the therapeutic purpose of the medication, which is essential for patient understanding.
B. "This medication is being given because your kidneys are not properly producing erythropoietin."
Epoetin alfa (Procrit) is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease by supplementing erythropoietin, a hormone the damaged kidneys can no longer produce effectively. This is the most informative statement for the patient's understanding of the medication's purpose.
C. "This medication will delay your need for dialysis as long as you take it."
While epoetin alfa can improve anemia and potentially improve quality of life, it does not directly delay the need for dialysis, which is determined by overall kidney function and not solely by the presence of anemia.
D. "This medication will help prevent your AV fistula from clotting."
Epoetin alfa does not have a role in preventing AV fistula clotting. It is specifically used to stimulate red blood cell production and has no direct effect on clotting mechanisms.
Full Explanation
Choice A rationale
Storing the medication at room temperature is a practical instruction but does not explain the therapeutic purpose of the medication, which is essential for patient understanding.
Choice B rationale
Epoetin alfa (Procrit) is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease by supplementing erythropoietin, a hormone the damaged kidneys can no longer produce effectively. This is the most informative statement for the patient's understanding of the medication's purpose.
Choice C rationale
While epoetin alfa can improve anemia and potentially improve quality of life, it does not directly delay the need for dialysis, which is determined by overall kidney function and not solely by the presence of anemia.
Choice D rationale
Epoetin alfa does not have a role in preventing AV fistula clotting. It is specifically used to stimulate red blood cell production and has no direct effect on clotting mechanisms.