Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Which of the following are functions of estrogen? (Select all that apply)
A. Protects against heart disease
Protects against heart disease: Estrogen has several effects on the cardiovascular system (improving lipid profile and vascular function) that are thought to reduce cardiovascular risk prior to menopause.
B. Helps regulate the menstrual cycle
Helps regulate the menstrual cycle: Estrogen is a key ovarian hormone that helps regulate the growth of the endometrium and the timing of the menstrual cycle .
C. Promotes bone growth
Promotes bone growth: Estrogen is essential for bone homeostasis, inhibiting bone resorption and helping maintain bone density .
D. Increases testosterone production
Increases testosterone production: Estrogen does not increase testosterone production; testosterone is produced by Leydig cells in males (and ovaries/adrenals in females) and is not a primary product increased by estrogen .
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II PROCTORED EXAM (ARIZONA COLLEGE). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Protects against heart disease: Estrogen has several effects on the cardiovascular system (improving lipid profile and vascular function) that are thought to reduce cardiovascular risk prior to menopause.
B. Helps regulate the menstrual cycle: Estrogen is a key ovarian hormone that helps regulate the growth of the endometrium and the timing of the menstrual cycle .
C. Promotes bone growth: Estrogen is essential for bone homeostasis, inhibiting bone resorption and helping maintain bone density .
D. Increases testosterone production: Estrogen does not increase testosterone production; testosterone is produced by Leydig cells in males (and ovaries/adrenals in females) and is not a primary product increased by estrogen .
Similar Questions
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the layers of the alimentary canal from the most visceral (deep) to the most superficial (surface)?
A. Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa
Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa: This is out of order -muscularis externa is deeper than serosa but more superficial than the mucosa, so this ordering is incorrect.
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: The mucosa (deepest layer lining the lumen) → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa (outermost) is the correct sequence from deep to superficial .
C. Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa: This lists the layers from superficial to deep (reverse of what the question asked), so incorrect for deep to superficial.
D. Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: This places submucosa deeper than mucosa (wrong); incorrect order.
Full Explanation
A. Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa: This is out of order -muscularis externa is deeper than serosa but more superficial than the mucosa, so this ordering is incorrect.
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: The mucosa (deepest layer lining the lumen) → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa (outermost) is the correct sequence from deep to superficial .
C. Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa: This lists the layers from superficial to deep (reverse of what the question asked), so incorrect for deep to superficial.
D. Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: This places submucosa deeper than mucosa (wrong); incorrect order.
An instructor is reviewing the physiology of the female reproductive system with a group of students. In discussing the uterine anatomy, the instructor emphasizes the role of the myometrium. Which statement accurately reflects a function of the uterine myometrium?
A. Responsible for uterine contractions
Responsible for uterine contractions: The myometrium is the thick middle layer of uterine smooth muscle and is the contractile layer responsible for rhythmic uterine contractions (e.g., labor, Braxton–Hicks) .
B. Primary support for the uterus
Primary support for the uterus: Structural support of the uterus is provided mainly by pelvic ligaments and pelvic floor muscles; this is not the primary role of the myometrium.
C. Thickens in response to estrogen
Thickens in response to estrogen: The endometrium (the mucosal lining) thickens cyclically in response to estrogen; the myometrium undergoes hypertrophy in pregnancy but is not the layer described by cyclic thickening of the uterine lining.
D. Covers the exterior portion of the uterus
Covers the exterior portion of the uterus: The outer covering of the uterus is the perimetrium (serosa), not the myometrium.
Full Explanation
A. Responsible for uterine contractions: The myometrium is the thick middle layer of uterine smooth muscle and is the contractile layer responsible for rhythmic uterine contractions (e.g., labor, Braxton–Hicks) .
B. Primary support for the uterus: Structural support of the uterus is provided mainly by pelvic ligaments and pelvic floor muscles; this is not the primary role of the myometrium.
C. Thickens in response to estrogen: The endometrium (the mucosal lining) thickens cyclically in response to estrogen; the myometrium undergoes hypertrophy in pregnancy but is not the layer described by cyclic thickening of the uterine lining.
D. Covers the exterior portion of the uterus: The outer covering of the uterus is the perimetrium (serosa), not the myometrium.
The urinary system contributes to homeostasis through several roles which include: (Select all that apply)
A. Final synthesis step of vitamin K production
Final synthesis step of vitamin K production: The final (and major) synthesis of vitamin K is by gut bacteria and liver processes; the urinary system (kidneys) is not the final synthesis site for vitamin K .
B. Filters the blood, removing wastes
Filters the blood, removing wastes: The kidneys filter blood plasma (glomerular filtration) to remove metabolic wastes and excess substances .
C. Regulates the pH of the body
Regulates the pH of the body: The kidneys conserve or excrete H⁺ and bicarbonate and so play a central role in acid–base balance .
D. Excretion of wastes
Excretion of wastes: By forming urine and eliminating nitrogenous wastes and excess electrolytes/fluid, the urinary system excretes metabolic wastes .
Full Explanation
A. Final synthesis step of vitamin K production: The final (and major) synthesis of vitamin K is by gut bacteria and liver processes; the urinary system (kidneys) is not the final synthesis site for vitamin K .
B. Filters the blood, removing wastes: The kidneys filter blood plasma (glomerular filtration) to remove metabolic wastes and excess substances .
C. Regulates the pH of the body: The kidneys conserve or excrete H⁺ and bicarbonate and so play a central role in acid–base balance .
D. Excretion of wastes: By forming urine and eliminating nitrogenous wastes and excess electrolytes/fluid, the urinary system excretes metabolic wastes .