Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Which of the following is involved in mechanical digestion of food?
A. Enzymes
Enzymes: Enzymes (salivary, gastric, pancreatic, brush-border) mediate chemical digestion by breaking down macromolecules -not mechanical digestion.
B. Peristalsis
Peristalsis: Peristalsis is a muscular movement that propels and helps mechanically mix food; it is a form of mechanical digestion/transport.
C. Gastric Juice
Gastric Juice: Gastric juice (HCl, pepsinogen) contributes to chemical digestion and acidic breakdown of proteins, not mechanical breakdown.
D. Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid: HCl denatures proteins and activates pepsinogen (chemical digestion); it is not a mechanical process.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II PROCTORED EXAM (ARIZONA COLLEGE). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Enzymes: Enzymes (salivary, gastric, pancreatic, brush-border) mediate chemical digestion by breaking down macromolecules -not mechanical digestion.
B. Peristalsis: Peristalsis is a muscular movement that propels and helps mechanically mix food; it is a form of mechanical digestion/transport.
C. Gastric Juice: Gastric juice (HCl, pepsinogen) contributes to chemical digestion and acidic breakdown of proteins, not mechanical breakdown.
D. Hydrochloric acid: HCl denatures proteins and activates pepsinogen (chemical digestion); it is not a mechanical process.
Similar Questions
Mechanical breakdown of food begins with: (Select all that apply)
A. Gallbladder
Gallbladder: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile and does not perform mechanical breakdown of food -not a mechanical breakdown structure.
B. Tongue
Tongue: The tongue manipulates and positions food for chewing and helps form the bolus (mechanical processing) -contributes to mechanical breakdown (correct).
C. Teeth
Teeth: Teeth chew and physically break food into smaller pieces (mastication), which is the primary start of mechanical digestion -directly responsible for mechanical breakdown (correct).
D. Stomach
Stomach: The stomach performs mechanical churning and mixing of food (mechanical digestion) but it is not the beginning of mechanical breakdown -chewing in the mouth begins it.
Full Explanation
A. Gallbladder: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile and does not perform mechanical breakdown of food -not a mechanical breakdown structure.
B. Tongue: The tongue manipulates and positions food for chewing and helps form the bolus (mechanical processing) -contributes to mechanical breakdown (correct).
C. Teeth: Teeth chew and physically break food into smaller pieces (mastication), which is the primary start of mechanical digestion -directly responsible for mechanical breakdown (correct).
D. Stomach: The stomach performs mechanical churning and mixing of food (mechanical digestion) but it is not the beginning of mechanical breakdown -chewing in the mouth begins it.
Fill in the Blank
The process of
Full Explanation
A. Oogenesis: Produces 1 mature ovum. During oogenesis the unequal cytokinesis of meiotic divisions creates one large functional ovum and smaller polar bodies.
B. Meiosis: Meiosis is the cell-division mechanism that reduces chromosome number. In spermatogenesis meiosis yields 4 functional sperm, but in oogenesis meiosis (with unequal cytokinesis) yields 1 functional ovum plus polar bodies.
C. Spermatogenesis: Spermatogenesis produces 4 mature sperm from one spermatogonial cell (not ova) -it does not produce mature ova.
The gastric cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are the
A. Chief cells
Chief cells: Chief (zymogenic) cells secrete pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin) and some gastric lipase -not HCl or intrinsic factor.
B. Parietal cells
Parietal cells: Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor (necessary for B12 absorption).
C. Mucous neck cells
Mucous neck cells: Mucous neck cells produce mucus (and some protective secretions) to protect the stomach lining -not HCl/intrinsic factor.
D. Enteroendocrine cells
Enteroendocrine cells: Enteroendocrine cells release hormones (e.g., gastrin, somatostatin) that regulate digestion -do not secrete HCl or intrinsic factor directly.
Full Explanation
A. Chief cells: Chief (zymogenic) cells secrete pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin) and some gastric lipase -not HCl or intrinsic factor.
B. Parietal cells: Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor (necessary for B12 absorption).
C. Mucous neck cells: Mucous neck cells produce mucus (and some protective secretions) to protect the stomach lining -not HCl/intrinsic factor.
D. Enteroendocrine cells: Enteroendocrine cells release hormones (e.g., gastrin, somatostatin) that regulate digestion -do not secrete HCl or intrinsic factor directly.