Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Which of the following is needed to digest fats?
A. Pepsin or trypsin and peptidases
Pepsin or trypsin and peptidases: these are protein digesting enzymes, not primary fat digesters.
B. Amylase and disaccharidases
Amylase and disaccharidases: these digest carbohydrates, not fats.
C. Lipase
Lipase: lipase (plus bile for emulsification) is required to chemically digest fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
D. Amylase and pepsin
Amylase and pepsin: amylase digests starch and pepsin digests proteins; neither is the principal fat-digesting enzyme.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - Anatomy and physiology proctored exam (Ivy college). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Pepsin or trypsin and peptidases: these are protein digesting enzymes, not primary fat digesters.
B. Amylase and disaccharidases: these digest carbohydrates, not fats.
C. Lipase: lipase (plus bile for emulsification) is required to chemically digest fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
D. Amylase and pepsin: amylase digests starch and pepsin digests proteins; neither is the principal fat-digesting enzyme.
Similar Questions
This gastric juice component is produced by the chief cells of the gastric glands in an inactive form:
A. Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor: intrinsic factor is secreted by parietal cells, not produced as an inactive zymogen by chief cells.
B. mucus
mucus: mucus is secreted by mucous cells and is not an inactive enzyme precursor.
C. hydrochloric acid
hydrochloric acid: HCl is secreted by parietal cells as acid, not an inactive enzyme precursor from chief cells.
D. pepsinogen
pepsinogen: chief cells secrete pepsinogen, an inactive zymogen that is activated (to pepsin) by HCl.
Full Explanation
A. Intrinsic factor: intrinsic factor is secreted by parietal cells, not produced as an inactive zymogen by chief cells.
B. mucus: mucus is secreted by mucous cells and is not an inactive enzyme precursor.
C. hydrochloric acid: HCl is secreted by parietal cells as acid, not an inactive enzyme precursor from chief cells.
D. pepsinogen: chief cells secrete pepsinogen, an inactive zymogen that is activated (to pepsin) by HCl.
Which of the following would cause the amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin to be increased?
A. Increased blood pH
Increased blood pH: increased pH (alkalosis) shifts the oxyhemoglobin curve left, increasing Hb–O₂ affinity and decreasing O₂ release.
B. Decreased body temperature
Decreased body temperature: lower temperature shifts the curve left (higher affinity), reducing O₂ release.
C. Increased blood PC02
Increased blood PCO₂: higher PCO₂ (and associated lower pH) shifts the curve right (Bohr effect), reducing hemoglobin affinity and increasing O₂ release to tissues.
D. Decreased blood PCO2
Decreased blood PCO₂: lower PCO₂ shifts the curve left, increasing affinity and decreasing O₂ release.
Full Explanation
A. Increased blood pH: increased pH (alkalosis) shifts the oxyhemoglobin curve left, increasing Hb–O₂ affinity and decreasing O₂ release.
B. Decreased body temperature: lower temperature shifts the curve left (higher affinity), reducing O₂ release.
C. Increased blood PCO₂: higher PCO₂ (and associated lower pH) shifts the curve right (Bohr effect), reducing hemoglobin affinity and increasing O₂ release to tissues.
D. Decreased blood PCO₂: lower PCO₂ shifts the curve left, increasing affinity and decreasing O₂ release.
Differentiate between type I and type II cells of the lungs.
A. The type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells will give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle cells.
The type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells will give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle cells: type I cells do not secrete surfactant, and type II cells do not give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle.
B. The type I cells form alveolar walls and the type II cells secrete surfactant.
The type I cells form alveolar walls and the type II cells secrete surfactant: type I pneumocytes are thin squamous cells forming most of the alveolar surface for gas exchange; type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant and can proliferate/differentiate into type I cells.
C. Both type I and type Il cells produce surfactant.
Both type I and type II cells produce surfactant: only type II pneumocytes produce surfactant; type I do not.
D. The type I cells produce cartilage for larger airways and the type II cells give rise to the ciliated cells lining the trachea.
The type I cells produce cartilage for larger airways and the type II cells give rise to the ciliated cells lining the trachea: neither pneumocyte type produces cartilage or airway ciliated cells; those are separate tissues/cell lineages.
Full Explanation
A. The type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells will give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle cells: type I cells do not secrete surfactant, and type II cells do not give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle.
B. The type I cells form alveolar walls and the type II cells secrete surfactant: type I pneumocytes are thin squamous cells forming most of the alveolar surface for gas exchange; type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant and can proliferate/differentiate into type I cells.
C. Both type I and type II cells produce surfactant: only type II pneumocytes produce surfactant; type I do not.
D. The type I cells produce cartilage for larger airways and the type II cells give rise to the ciliated cells lining the trachea: neither pneumocyte type produces cartilage or airway ciliated cells; those are separate tissues/cell lineages.