Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of:
A. Sharpey’s fibers
Sharpey’s fibers are collagen fibers that anchor the periosteum to the underlying bone. They are structural, not part of bone marrow.
B. Elastic tissue
Elastic tissue is found in ligaments and certain connective tissues but is not a major component of yellow bone marrow.
C. Spongy bone
Spongy bone surrounds the marrow cavities but is not the content of yellow marrow itself.
D. Fat
Fat is the correct answer. Yellow bone marrow primarily consists of adipocytes and serves as an energy reserve. It replaces red marrow in many bones as a person ages.
E. Blood-forming cells
Blood-forming cells are found in red bone marrow, not yellow marrow. Red marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis.
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Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Sharpey’s fibers are collagen fibers that anchor the periosteum to the underlying bone. They are structural, not part of bone marrow.
Choice B reason: Elastic tissue is found in ligaments and certain connective tissues but is not a major component of yellow bone marrow.
Choice C reason: Spongy bone surrounds the marrow cavities but is not the content of yellow marrow itself.
Choice D reason: Fat is the correct answer. Yellow bone marrow primarily consists of adipocytes and serves as an energy reserve. It replaces red marrow in many bones as a person ages.
Choice E reason: Blood-forming cells are found in red bone marrow, not yellow marrow. Red marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis.
Similar Questions
_____ is attached to the Z disc.
A. Myosin
Myosin is the thick filament in muscle fibers and is not directly attached to the Z disc. It anchors in the center of the sarcomere at the M line and interacts with actin during contraction.
B. Actin
Actin is the correct answer. It forms the thin filaments in muscle fibers and is directly anchored to the Z disc. This attachment allows actin to slide past myosin during muscle contraction, shortening the sarcomere.
C. Troponin
Troponin is a regulatory protein complex that binds calcium and controls the position of tropomyosin on actin filaments. It is located along the actin filament but is not attached to the Z disc.
D. Myofibrils
Myofibrils are bundles of actin and myosin filaments organized into sarcomeres. While they span the length of the muscle fiber and include Z discs, they are not themselves attached to the Z disc.
E. Tropomyosin
Tropomyosin is a regulatory protein that lies along the actin filament and blocks myosin-binding sites in a relaxed muscle. It is not anchored to the Z disc.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Myosin is the thick filament in muscle fibers and is not directly attached to the Z disc. It anchors in the center of the sarcomere at the M line and interacts with actin during contraction.
Choice B reason: Actin is the correct answer. It forms the thin filaments in muscle fibers and is directly anchored to the Z disc. This attachment allows actin to slide past myosin during muscle contraction, shortening the sarcomere.
Choice C reason: Troponin is a regulatory protein complex that binds calcium and controls the position of tropomyosin on actin filaments. It is located along the actin filament but is not attached to the Z disc.
Choice D reason: Myofibrils are bundles of actin and myosin filaments organized into sarcomeres. While they span the length of the muscle fiber and include Z discs, they are not themselves attached to the Z disc.
Choice E reason: Tropomyosin is a regulatory protein that lies along the actin filament and blocks myosin-binding sites in a relaxed muscle. It is not anchored to the Z disc.
Loss of muscle mass from lack of activity is termed:
A. Myopathy
Myopathy refers to any disease of the muscle tissue, often involving weakness or dysfunction, but not specifically due to inactivity.
B. Dystrophy
Dystrophy refers to genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle degeneration, such as muscular dystrophy. It is not caused by inactivity.
C. Apathy
Apathy is a psychological term referring to lack of interest or emotion. It has no relevance to muscle physiology.
D. Atrophy
Atrophy is the correct answer. It refers to the wasting away or reduction in size of muscle tissue due to disuse, immobilization, or lack of neural stimulation. It is a common consequence of inactivity or prolonged bed rest.
E. Treppe
Treppe, or the staircase effect, describes the gradual increase in muscle contraction strength with repeated stimulation. It is unrelated to muscle loss.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Myopathy refers to any disease of the muscle tissue, often involving weakness or dysfunction, but not specifically due to inactivity.
Choice B reason: Dystrophy refers to genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle degeneration, such as muscular dystrophy. It is not caused by inactivity.
Choice C reason: Apathy is a psychological term referring to lack of interest or emotion. It has no relevance to muscle physiology.
Choice D reason: Atrophy is the correct answer. It refers to the wasting away or reduction in size of muscle tissue due to disuse, immobilization, or lack of neural stimulation. It is a common consequence of inactivity or prolonged bed rest.
Choice E reason: Treppe, or the staircase effect, describes the gradual increase in muscle contraction strength with repeated stimulation. It is unrelated to muscle loss.
Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand twisting stresses?
A. Irregular bone
Irregular bones have complex shapes and serve various functions, such as protection and muscle attachment, but they are not specialized for weight-bearing or resistance to twisting.
B. Trabecular bone
Trabecular bone, also known as spongy bone, is lightweight and porous. It helps absorb shock and supports bone marrow but is not optimized for resisting twisting stresses.
C. Interstitial bone
Interstitial bone refers to remnants of old osteons found between newer ones in compact bone. It is not a distinct tissue type adapted for mechanical stress.
D. Compact bone
Compact bone is the correct answer. It is dense and organized into osteons, which provide strength and resistance to compressive and torsional forces. It forms the outer layer of bones and is especially prominent in the diaphysis of long bones.
E. Spongy bone
Spongy bone is adapted for shock absorption and lightness but lacks the dense structure needed to resist twisting and heavy loads.
Full Explanation
Choice A reason: Irregular bones have complex shapes and serve various functions, such as protection and muscle attachment, but they are not specialized for weight-bearing or resistance to twisting.
Choice B reason: Trabecular bone, also known as spongy bone, is lightweight and porous. It helps absorb shock and supports bone marrow but is not optimized for resisting twisting stresses.
Choice C reason: Interstitial bone refers to remnants of old osteons found between newer ones in compact bone. It is not a distinct tissue type adapted for mechanical stress.
Choice D reason: Compact bone is the correct answer. It is dense and organized into osteons, which provide strength and resistance to compressive and torsional forces. It forms the outer layer of bones and is especially prominent in the diaphysis of long bones.
Choice E reason: Spongy bone is adapted for shock absorption and lightness but lacks the dense structure needed to resist twisting and heavy loads.