Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who has AIDS. The nurse notes that the client has multiple and widespread raised, purplish- brown skin lesions. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate which of the following conditions?
A. Kaposi's sarcoma
The lesions are caused by human herpesvirus 8 and can appear anywhere on the body, but are more common on the face, trunk, and extremities. The other conditions are not associated with AIDS or immunosuppression.
B. Basal cell carcinoma
C. Actinic keratosis
D. Toxic epidermal necrosis
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - ATI SP 250 Exam 3 Med Surg Proctored Exam. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
The lesions are caused by human herpesvirus 8 and can appear anywhere on the body, but are more common on the face, trunk, and extremities. The other conditions are not associated with AIDS or immunosuppression.
Similar Questions
A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis and is to start medication therapy with isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. "Drink at least 8 ounces of water when you take the pyrazinamide tablet."
Pyrazinamide is a medication used to treat tuberculosis that can cause renal damage and crystal formation in the urine if not adequately hydrated. The client should also avoid alcohol and have regular liver function tests while taking this medication. Isoniazid should not be taken with antacids, as they can decrease its absorption and effectiveness. Sputum cultures are expected to be negative after 2 months of therapy, not 6 months. Providing a sputum specimen every 2 weeks is not an instruction for the client, but a part of the monitoring process by the health care team.
B. "Take isoniazid with an antacid."
C. "Expect your sputum cultures to be negative after 6 months of therapy."
D. "Provide a sputum specimen every 2 weeks to the clinic for testing."
Full Explanation
Pyrazinamide is a medication used to treat tuberculosis that can cause renal damage and crystal formation in the urine if not adequately hydrated. The client should also avoid alcohol and have regular liver function tests while taking this medication. Isoniazid should not be taken with antacids, as they can decrease its absorption and effectiveness. Sputum cultures are expected to be negative after 2 months of therapy, not 6 months. Providing a sputum specimen every 2 weeks is not an instruction for the client, but a part of the monitoring process by the health care team.
A nurse in a burn treatment center is caring for a client who is admitted with severe burns to both lower extremities and is scheduled for an escharotomy. The client's spouse asks the nurse what the procedure entails. Which of the following nursing statements is appropriate?
A. "This procedure involves placing the client into a shower and removing the dead tissue."
B. "Dead tissue will be non-surgically removed."
C. "Large incisions will be made in the eschar to improve circulation."
An escharotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making incisions in the eschar, which is the hard, blackened tissue that forms over a severe burn wound. The eschar can restrict blood flow and cause compartment syndrome, which can lead to tissue necrosis and nerve damage. By cutting through the eschar, the pressure is relieved and circulation is restored. This procedure does not involve removing the dead tissue, which is done by debridement or hydrotherapy. A skin graft is a different procedure that involves transplanting healthy skin from another site to cover a burn wound.
D. "A piece of healthy skin will be removed from an unburned area and grafted over the burned area."
Full Explanation
An escharotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making incisions in the eschar, which is the hard, blackened tissue that forms over a severe burn wound. The eschar can restrict blood flow and cause compartment syndrome, which can lead to tissue necrosis and nerve damage. By cutting through the eschar, the pressure is relieved and circulation is restored. This procedure does not involve removing the dead tissue, which is done by debridement or hydrotherapy. A skin graft is a different procedure that involves transplanting healthy skin from another site to cover a burn wound.
A nurse is teaching a client who has emphysema about self-management strategies. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I will inhale slowly through pursed lips to help me breathe better."
Inhaling slowly through pursed lips is incorrect. The correct technique is to exhale slowly through pursed lips, which helps to keep the airways open longer, allowing for better air exchange and reducing shortness of breath.
B. "I will lie on my stomach to practice abdominal breathing every day."
Lying on the stomach to practice abdominal breathing is not a recommended strategy for managing emphysema. Abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing can be beneficial, but it is typically practiced in a comfortable, upright position.
C. "I will follow a daily diet high in calories and protein."
Clients with emphysema often have an increased caloric demand due to the effort required to breathe. A diet high in calories and protein can help maintain energy levels and prevent muscle wasting.
D. "I will avoid getting a flu shot."
Avoiding a flu shot is incorrect. Patients with emphysema are at higher risk for respiratory infections, and getting an annual flu shot is crucial to prevent complications.
Full Explanation
The correct answer is choice C. “I will follow a daily diet high in calories and protein.”
Choice A rationale:
Inhaling slowly through pursed lips is incorrect. The correct technique is to exhale slowly through pursed lips, which helps to keep the airways open longer, allowing for better air exchange and reducing shortness of breath.
Choice B rationale:
Lying on the stomach to practice abdominal breathing is not a recommended strategy for managing emphysema. Abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing can be beneficial, but it is typically practiced in a comfortable, upright position.
Choice C rationale:
Clients with emphysema often have an increased caloric demand due to the effort required to breathe. A diet high in calories and protein can help maintain energy levels and prevent muscle wasting.
Choice D rationale:
Avoiding a flu shot is incorrect. Patients with emphysema are at higher risk for respiratory infections, and getting an annual flu shot is crucial to prevent complications.